- 期刊
人权话语的“说服力”要件初探
A Preliminary Study on the "Persuasiveness" of Human Rights Discourse
摘要
在加强我国国际传播能力建设的时代背景下，“说服力”概念的提出具有重大的话语实践意义，其同样也是人权话语构建的策略导向。在持续对抗冲突的国际人权话语场域中，“说服”是指获得受众接受认同的效果反馈，也意味着在非理性分歧的语境中达到一种“不容否定”的低限程度标准，尤其是针对那些固持反对立场的敌意国家。在人权话语构建中，“人权保障实践”“人权观念”以及“人权道路模式”三者内容之间有着递进的证成关系，其中“人权观念”部分是对外说服的关键，这将通过对观念表达形式的技术性调整来实现。对抗冲突语境中的说服应当满足“共识性”与“规范性”的双重要件。就共识性而言，说服所需的是人权范畴中既有的、且能触及争议问题及分歧观念的共识，所谓的“跨文化”共识不一定能够达到理想的说服效果。就规范性而言，说服所需的是更具权威性的国际人权规范，这些规范本身即是稳固的共识。由此，今时中国人权话语的构建，应在宏观体系构型的基础上，充分关注到具体内容的表达策略，尤其着力在一些重点概念和观念上的“说服力”构建，以此切实提升中国人权话语的国际影响力和话语权。
並列摘要
In the context of strengthening China's international communication capacity, the concept of "persuasiveness" is of great practical significance, and it is also a strategic orientation for the construction of human rights discourse. In the field of international human rights discourse that continues to confront conflicts, "persuasion" refers to the effect feedback of the audience's acceptance and recognition, and it also means to reach a low standard of "non-negation" in the context of irrational disagreements, especially for hostile countries that persist in opposing positions. There is a progressive relationship between the three contents of "human rights protection practice", "human rights concept" and "human rights road model" in human rights discourse, among which "human rights concept" is the key to the construction of discourse persuasiveness, which will be realized through a technical adjustment of the form of conceptual expression. The realization of the persuasive effect should meet the dual important elements of "consensus" and "normativeness". In terms of consensus, persuasion requires an existing consensus in the field of human rights that touches on controversial issues and divergent ideas, and the so-called "cross-cultural" consensus may not achieve the desired persuasive effect. In terms of normativeness, persuasion requires authoritative international human rights norms, which themselves are solid consensus. Therefore, the construction of Chinese human rights discourse today should pay full attention to the expression strategy of specific content on the basis of the macro system configuration, especially focus on the construction of "persuasiveness" in some key concepts, so as to effectively enhance the international influence and discourse power of Chinese human rights discourse.