香港人學習普通話的聲調偏誤之聲學分析

Acoustic Analyses of Putonghua Tone Errors by Hong Kong Speakers

張凌(Ling Zhang)

《中國語文通訊》 100卷1期 (2021/01) Pp. 31-39

https://doi.org/10.29499/CrCL.202101_100(1).0003

摘要

本文首次系統地使用聲學實驗的方法，對香港人學習普通話的聲調偏誤進行量化分析，探討三種語境下的普通話聲調：單字調、句末位置以及句中位置，測量和比較其f_0（Hz）和時長（秒）數據。實驗結果表明不同的語境對香港人普通話聲調的偏誤有重要影響，在句中位置偏誤最為明顯，尤其體現為第二調和第三調非常接近，這兩個聲調在句中很容易混同。本文的聲學實驗研究，能對粵港澳地區母語為粵語的發音人學習普通話發音提供重要參考。

關鍵字

港式普通話 ； 聲調 ； 偏誤 ； 聲學實驗 ； 語境影響

並列摘要

This is the first systematic acoustic analysis of Putonghua tone errors produced by Hong Kong speakers. Putonghua tones produced in three contexts were investigated: isolated citation form, in the middle of a sentence, and at the end of a sentence. Acoustic data of f_0 (Hz) and duration (s) were measured and analyzed. The results showed that different contexts have an important effect on tone error patterns. There are more severe tone errors in the middle of a sentence, especially the pitch contours of Tone 2 and Tone 3 are very close in the middle of sentence, which seem very likely to be merged. The studies conducted here provided an accurate description of Putonghua tone errors made by Hong Kong speakers in different contexts, which resulted in reasonable suggestions for teaching and learning strategies for them.

並列關鍵字

Hong-Kong-style Putonghua ； tone ； error analysis ； acoustic experiment ； context effect

參考文獻

Boersma, Paul & David Weenink. 2018. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer [computer program]. Version 6.0.37. http://www.praat.org/ (accessed 14 March 2018).

Fox, Anthony, Kang Kwong Luke & Owen Nancarrow. 2008. Aspects of intonation in Cantonese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 36, 321-367.

He, Guoxiang ( 何國祥 ). 2005. Xianggang xuesheng Putonghua yuyin cuowu leixing ji jiuzheng fangfa 香港學生普通話語音錯誤類型及糾正方法 . In Guoxiang He ( 何國祥 ), Bennan Zhang ( 張本楠 ), Sihao Guo ( 郭思豪 ), Chongkai Zheng ( 鄭崇楷 ), Guosong Zhang ( 張國松 ) & Hui Liu ( 劉慧 ) (eds.), Xianggang Putonghuake Jiaoxue Lilun yu Shijian 香港普通話科教學理論與實踐 , 139–162. Xianggang: Sanlian Shudian 香港：三聯書店 .

Li, Fei ( 李斐 ). 2009. Xianggang daxuesheng Putonghua kouyu huihua yuyin pianwu fenxi 香港大學生普通話口語會話語音偏誤分析 Shoudu Shifan Daxue Xuebao, shehui kexue ban 首都師範大學學報 ( 社會科學版 ) 3. 80–86.

Lin, Jianping ( 林建平 ). 2009. Cong shehui yinsu taolun Xianggangren Putonghua shuiping 從社會因素討論香港人普通話水平 Shoudu Shifan Daxue Xuebao, shehui kexue ban 首都師範大學學報( 社會科學版 ) 3. 57–61.