隨著新住民移入,臺灣社會少數族群的組成日趨多元,現行以原住民族委員會(以下簡稱原民會)、客家委員會(以下簡稱客委會)及移民署所建構起的族群型代表性機關,在政策資源配置的能力益形不足,其協同機制更與行政組織再造後所依循的政策統合原則有所扞格。本文意圖從理論上探討少數族群資源分配政策的形成基礎,並從實證上觀察各國少數族群行政機關的運作。研究目的在於尋找族群型代表性行政機關、協同治理與政策統合間的調合方式,避免減損族群型代表性行政機關原有的回應能力。研究運用比較研究的架構,首先探討族群型代表性行政機關,協同治理及政策統合的相關論述,並分析六個國家-美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、紐西蘭、比利時及新加坡的少數族群政策資源配置機制,對應臺灣目前的機制與問題,最後提出結論與政策建言。
The composition of ethnic minorities in Taiwan has diversified with the influx of marriage immigrants over the past two decades. This social development, as well as the principal of policy coordination upheld in recent organization restructuring, have led to the insufficiency of current ethnic-based representative agency to allocate policy resource on the basis of collaborative structure. This study discusses the theoretical bases of resource allocation among ethnic minorities and empirically compares the policies in six countries-the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, and Singapore. Without compromising the responsiveness of current ethnic-based bureaucracy, we aim at exploring the adaptation structure that can reconcile the differences within ethnic-based representative agency, policy coordination, and collaborative governance. Conclusions are made under this structure and policy suggestions are given accordingly.