摘要
道教是中国的传统宗教，它与西方基督教在宗教信仰与基本精神上存在着差异。中国道教虽然崇拜多神，但更强调以人为中心，从“我命在我不在天”出发，主张依靠人自身的努力来实现“得道成仙”的目标。基督教以对上帝的信仰为中心，从原罪论出发，强调上帝对人的拯救，把人的活动视为神的意志的体现，以荣耀上帝为人生的使命。因此，在什么是人生幸福的问题上，道教追求保持身体健康和精神愉悦，注重当下苦难的解脱和现世幸福的获得；基督教宣扬人只有回归到上帝那里，才能重新找回幸福，故强调人应以信、望、爱为基点，忍受、顺从的现世苦难，追求彼岸世界的永恒幸福。本文通过对中国东晋道士葛洪与罗马帝国时期基督教思想家奥古斯丁的幸福观的比较研究，来呈现道教与基督教对人的生命存在和生命理想所表现出的自觉意识，并力图从一个侧面来展示中西宗教基本精神的差异与互补，以期为今天的新文化建设提供一种有益的借鉴。
並列摘要
Taoism, as a Chinese traditional religion, has differences in religious beliefs and fundamental spirit compare to Western Christianity. Although the Chinese Taoists are polytheists, they emphasis more on the effort made by human themselves. Start from the idea that ＂my destiny is control by myself, not the gods＂, then to rely on human's own efforts to achieve the goal of＂ immortal ＂. The core of Christianity is the faith in God, starting from the original sin theory, emphasizing on the salvation from God. The behaviors of the human are the manifestation of God's will, therefore, the purpose of Christian's life is to glory God. As a result, in order to pursuit the happiness in life, the Taoist select to maintain good health and spiritual joy, and focus on the relief of suffering and how to obtain the happiness in the secular world; in contrary, Christianity claims that the only way to regain happiness is to return to God. Based on the biblical teaching: believe, hope and love, Christians endure and obey the suffering in the secular world and pursuit the eternal happiness from the afterlife. The comparative study on the concept of happiness in this paper between Taoist - Ge Hong from Eastern Jin Dynasty and Christian theologian - Augustine from the Roman Empire, demonstrates the self-consciousness of the existence and purpose of human in both religions. On the other hand, this paper strive to provide a beneficial lesson for the new cultural construction through the differences and complementarity of the fundamental spirit on the west and east religions.