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走出道德的困境：施莱尔马赫的现代宗教之路—兼论对基督教与现代中国道德建构的启示
The way of Schleiermacher's modern religion and its enlightenment for Christianity and moral construction in modern China
摘要
18世纪，西方市民社会逐渐形成，其道德状况的弊病也日益暴露。施莱尔马赫以宗教为视角，指出道德弊病的根源在于对理智的狂热偏重、对利益的过度追求，压制了宗教，从而市民社会陷入“无科学、无道德、无艺术、无爱情、无精神、真的也无文字”的状态。因此，施莱尔马赫主张宗教具有独立的地位，厘定了宗教与形而上学、道德之间的关系。在此基础上，施莱尔马赫将宗教的本质界定为直观和情感。他意图以宇宙的直观所带来的绝对依赖性情感为核心，贯通有限与无限、人性与神性之间的关联，以此来提升个体的道德品质和社会的凝聚力。当前中国正面临现代性的转型，道德状况出现了许多新的变化和难题，施莱尔马赫的宗教思想为基督教与现代中国道德建构提供了有益的启示。
並列摘要
When Western civil society comes into being in the 18th century, the defects of its moral status are also increasingly exposed. From the religious point of view, Schleiermacher thinks that the root of moral defects lies in the fanatical and excessive pursuit of reason and interest, and suppressing religion. So Western civil society falls into ＂no science, no morals, no art, no love, no spirit, and really no letters＂. Therefore, Schleiermacher argues that religion has an independent status, and sets the relationships between metaphysics, moral and religion. On the basis of this, Schleiermacher defines the essence of religion as intuition and feeling. He intend to take the feeling of absolutely depending which is brought by the intuiting universe as the core, and associate the finite and the infinite besides the human nature and the divine nature in order to enhance individual moral quality and social cohesion. At present, China is facing the transformation of modernity and the moral situations appear many new changes and problems. Schleiermacher's religious thoughts will provide helpful enlightenment for Christianity and moral construction in modern construction.