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二十世纪基督教政治神学论评
Comments on Contemporary Political Theology
摘要
本文属于基督教神学思想发展史的一个片段。政治神学可以追溯到斯多葛派。二十世纪施米特光复了政治神学。政治神学依然是欧洲的思潮。欧洲社会经历各种批判风潮而革新。二十世纪六十年代政治神学的主题再度引起重视。对政治领域的强调再次发挥影响力。现代政治神学对神学与政治关系模式提出新的看法。政治神学不同于迫使神学家和教牧人员“讲论政治”。现代政治神学更注重此岸，而不是对彼岸世界的遐想。具体多于抽象。公共多于私人。实践多于思辨。历史的具体多于形而上学。对苦难的思考多于对天国的沉思缅想。以往的政治神学认同现状，新的政治神学是批判的、实践的、革命的、反抗的、解放的、激进的、公共的神学。政治神学接受了马克思主义的本质的批判性、革命性、实践性、公共性。它们认真对待马克思的宗教批评。它也对教会机构和神学传统进行批判。“非私人化”也是所有政治神学家的纲领。莫尔特曼强调新、旧政治神学的分殊。古老的过时的政治神学叫政治宗教。宗教对世俗社会的“屈从”，就是以宗教为婢女的政治宗教。但另一方面，欧洲政治神学也缺少解放神学拿枪的神父那种实际社会后果。
並列摘要
The article belongs to a fragment of the development history of Christian theology. Political theology can be traced back to the Stoics. In the twentieth century Schmidt restored political theology. Political theology is still the European trend of thought. European society was reformed through various waves of criticism. Themes of political theology gained renewed attention in the 1960s. The emphasis on politics is once again having an impact. Modern political theology puts forward a new view on the relationship between theology and politics. Political theology is different from forcing theologians and pastors to ＂talk politics＂. Modern political theology pays more attention to this side than to the imagination of the other side. More concrete than abstract. Public more than private. Practice is more than speculation. History is more concrete than metaphysical. The contemplation of suffering is greater than the contemplation of heaven. The former political theology identifies with the present situation, while the new political theology is critical, practical, revolutionary, rebellious, liberating, radical and public theology. Political theology has accepted the critical, revolutionary, practical and public nature of Marxism. They take Marx's religious criticism seriously. It was also critical of church institutions and theological traditions. ＂Deprivatization＂ is also the creed of all political theologians. Moltmann stresses the distinction between old and new political theology. The old, outdated political theology is called political religion. The ＂submission＂ of religion to the secular society is the political religion that takes religion as its handmaid. On the other hand, European political theology lacks the practical social consequences of the gun-toting priests of liberation theology.