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文化人类学视阈下保罗书信对早期基督教会的建构
On the Construction of Early Christian Church in Pauline Letters: From A Cultural Anthropological Perspective
摘要
本文从文化人类学的视角出发，旨在探讨保罗书信如何通过借用和改造古罗马荣誉文化的关键概念和形象来建构早期教会。在简要介绍荣誉文化的特征之后，本文首先讨论了保罗如何使用荣誉文化中的家庭观念建构早期信徒的信仰身份，也就是信徒通过“信”获得上帝儿女的荣誉身份。其次，本文讨论了保罗如何使用荣誉文化中的互惠原则来建构信仰团契的观念，他不仅强调信徒应以道德的生活作为对上帝的恩典作出回报，而且肯定了作为上帝儿女的荣誉身份本身就是“义”的。最后，本文讨论了保罗如何回应荣誉文化中争竞夸口的问题，并突出了这一新的信仰团契在荣誉等级中的绝对价值。从文化人类学的视角来理解保罗书信中对信仰团契的建构，可以看到早期基督教信仰与当时社会文化的互动，同时也给予我们从一种新的群体性的视角来理解基督教核心观念的可能。
並列摘要
From a cultural anthropological perspective, this paper aims to explore how Pauline letters constructed the early Christian church by borrowing and adapting key concepts and images from ancient Roman culture of honor. After a brief introduction to culture of honor, the paper first discusses how Paul used the concept of family to construct the early believers' identity, that is, the believer's acquisition of the honorable status as the children of God through faith. Second, the paper discusses how Paul used the principle of reciprocity to construct the concept of fellowship, not only by emphasizing that believers should live morally in return for God's grace, but also by affirming that the honorable status of being the children of God is "righteous" in itself. Finally, the paper discusses how Paul responds to the problem of boasting in the culture of honor and highlights the absolute value of this new fellowship of faith in the hierarchy of honor. Understanding the construction of the Christian church in Pauline letters from a cultural anthropological perspective reveals the interaction between early Christian faith and the social culture of the time, also gives us the possibility to understand the core concepts of Christianity from a new communal perspective.