宗教、社会性别与医疗：一位英国女传教士在云南的护理助产实践及其启示（1933－1939）

近代时期海外女性医疗传教士来华行医传教，不仅深刻影响了中国女性的就医模式，也推动了西方妇产科学知识的传播及女性医护人员的培养。本文以英国女传教士Mildred Button为个案，从宗教、社会性别和医疗三个维度探讨在华女医疗传教士工作的意义与困境。该传教士以护士、助产士的身份来到云南昭通，其后辗转于不同岗位，在华仅六年便因家庭和健康关系辞去传教工作，似乎不算是“成功”的传教士。但她在华期间坚持写日记，还细致记录了接生工作，留下珍贵的资料。本文即以Mildred Button相关资料为基础，尝试分析她如何产生及坚定对基督教传教的信念、如何在既定医疗权力体系中使用职权、其工作又如何受地方卫生资源和社会文化的影响与制约，并由此反思有关近代时期医学传教、女性护理和助产工作中的一些问题。

關鍵字

医疗传教士；护理助产；医护职权；云南

並列摘要

Women medical missionaries' work in China in the modern period had not only impacted on the way Chinese women consulted medical advice profoundly, but also promoted the spread of Western Gynecological and Obstetrical knowledge as well as the modern medical education for women. This article, however, attempts to explore the significance and problems of women medical missionaries' work in terms of religion, gender and medicine through focusing on the story of the English missionary Mildred Button. Mildred Button came to Zhaotong, Yunnan as a nurse and midwife in 1932 but resigned from her work only six years later due to health and family issues. Her post in China was changed several times during the course, and it seems that she did not have a so-called "successful" missionary career. However, she kept writing diary when she was in China and carefully registered each of her midwifery case, thus leaving valuable records about her work. Based on her records, this article tries to analyze how her faith in medical missionary formed, how she performed professional duties within a given medical hierarchy, and how her midwifery work was conducted in and restrained by local health resources as well as societal and cultural norms. Through these analyses, this article hopes to further respond to some remained research inquiries regarding the medical missionary and nursing/midwifery in modern China.