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《希腊文亚当与夏娃生平》的思想世界及其社会处境
The Thought World and the Social Life Setting of Greek Life of Adam and Eve
摘要
《希腊文亚当与夏娃生平》是在早期基督徒中间流传甚广的典外叙事文本，对后世宗教文学有深远影响。本文尝试在互文性和社会现实建构的双重理论视角下分析《希腊文亚当与夏娃生平》的文本和思想世界，指出此乃以罗马帝国时期下层贫苦农民普遍的日常生活经验为基础、以《创世纪》2-3章故事为蓝本重新构建的全新叙事。下层民众生活中的物质匮乏、繁重劳动带来的痛苦、对生存和社会身份低下的焦虑，以及对受压迫处境的愤懑都被投射到亚当和夏娃的“地上生活”和他们与撒旦势力之间的敌对关系中。叙事通过对“失乐园”事件的重新构建为困苦的农耕生活提供了解释，以神对人的宽赦、关于终末复活的应许构建起以“回归乐园”为核心的宗教期盼，以一幅相对乐观的世界图景力巩固读者的信仰身份。
並列摘要
The extra-canonical Greek Life of Adam and Eve (GLAE) was the popular narrative text spread among early Christians, and had significant influences to later Christian religious literature. This paper investigates the GLAE's text and thought world in the theoretical perspectives of intertextuality and theory of social reality construction, and proposes that this narrative was creatively composed according to the framework of Genesis 2-3, reflecting the harsh life experience of poor farmers in late Roman society. The painful reality of material shortages, heavy burden of labor, anxiety about lowered social status and the oppression from the landlords were projected into the narrative of Adam and Eve's earthly life and their relationship with God and Satan. The GLAE's new 'Paradise Lost' narrative in fact provides a cosmic explanation of painful agricultural life of lower families in general, and constructs a specific 'back to Paradise' expectation by developing the themes of forgiveness of sins and God's promise of eschatological resurrection. The primary social function of the narrative, therefore, was to consolidate the religious identity in difficult times by drawing a relatively optimistic vision of God's just rule.