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叙利亚教父塞鲁格的雅各人论探究
Study on the Anthropology of Syriac Church Father Mar Jacob of Sarug
摘要
塞鲁格的雅各是一位重要的叙利亚教父。本文以其第71篇韵文讲道《创世六日》以及第72篇韵文讲道《论亚当的受造与死者的复活》等讲道为出发点，对其人论进行了概述。首先，雅各将上帝所造的世界称作是美的世界，而人则是至美的受造物。其次，雅各认为人是上帝的肖像——人在受造方式上有别于其他受造物，是上帝照着其肖像与模样造的——“对于父，亚当得以是肖像，对于子，亚当得以是模样”。在他看来，人的理智肖似于上帝本身，而人的灵魂则类似于上帝的大能，人的身体类似于由四种元素和六个方向构成的物质世界。因此人是一个“小世界”，反映了上帝及其所造的“大世界”。这一美丽的受造物，这一“小世界”却因为魔鬼的诱惑与人的自由意志而走向解体，但雅各指出，通过上帝的拯救，这人将在复活之时通过“第二次创造”重获美丽，披戴光明。
並列摘要
Mar Jacob of Sarug is an important Syriac church father. This article takes the homily 71 "The Six Days of Creation" and the homily 72 "On the Creation of Adam and the Resurrection of the Dead" and other Mar Jacob's homilies as the starting point to conduct a discussion on his anthropology. Firstly, Mar Jacob calls the world created by God a beautiful world, and humankind is the most beautiful creature. Secondly, Mar Jacob believed that humankind is the image of God-humankind is different from other creatures in the way of creation, and was created by God according to his image and likeness, "to the Father, Adam will be the image; to the Son, Adam will be the likeness". In his view, the nous or intellect of humankind is similar to God himself, while human soul is similar to the power of God, and human body to the material world which consists of four elements and six directions. Therefore, humankind is a "small world" that reflects God and the "great world" which He created. This very beautiful creature, this "small world" is disintegrating due to the temptation of the Satan and man's free will, but Mar Jacob points out that through God's salvation, humankind will regain beauty and clothe on light, through the "second creation" on the resurrection.