基督教外國人名在中國及韓國的翻譯－從英若誠和丁若鐘說起

Christian Translations of Foreign Names in China and Korea: Starting with the Examples of Ying Ruocheng and of Jeong Yak-Jong

雷立柏(Leopold Leeb)

《公教神學評論》 2輯 (2022/06) Pp. 277-292

https://doi.org/10.29719/CTR.202206_(2).0008

摘要

外國人名，包括《聖經》中的人名和基督宗教聖徒的名字在漢語的翻譯和轉寫比較困難。本文根據英千里提出的漢語翻譯方案，分析「若」字與公教傳統譯名的關係。韓國十八世紀末、十九世紀初的著名文人信徒丁若鐘、丁若鏞和丁若銓可能已經受到十七世紀耶穌會著作的影響。本文進而用一些人名在韓國、日本和中國翻譯的實例來對比不同的譯名傳統。根據二十世紀的韓國譯名傳統可以斷定，韓國文字很有效地轉寫和引介了基督宗教的人名；而中國的漢字在人名和地名的統一轉寫方面仍然構成相當大的阻礙。

關鍵字

英若誠 ； 丁若鐘 ； 《聖經》中的人名 ； 聖人名 ； 翻譯

並列摘要

Foreign personal and geographical names, including Biblical and Christian names, have posed a remarkable challenge when transliterated into Chinese. This study starts from the proposal of Ignatius Ying Qianli in 1939 to use character ＂ruo＂ for Christian names. Several outstanding scholar converts in Korea in the late eighteenth century, namely the brothers Jeong Yak-jong, Jeong Yak-yong, and Jeong Yak-jeon, also had the same character (＂Yak＂ in Korean) in their names, and it is possible that they were already influenced by early Jesuit translations done almost two hundred years earlier. The present study continues to analyze the modern transcriptions of Christian names in Korea, Japan, and China. According to a number of examples one may conclude that Korean transliterations are more effective in introducing foreign names, whereas the Chinese characters have remained an obstacle for unified transliterations of names.

並列關鍵字

Ying Ruocheng ； Jeong Yak-Jong ； biblical names ； Christian names ； translation