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雅各伯—一個行騙與被騙的人
Jacob - A Man Who Deceives and is Deceived
摘要
上主向梅瑟啟示自己為「亞巴郎的天主、依撒格的天主、雅各伯的天主」（出三6、15－16，四5）；耶穌也提及天主是「亞巴郎的天主、依撒格的天主、雅各伯的天主」（瑪廿二32；谷十二26；路二十37）。這三位聖祖在以色列子民的救恩史中扮演著舉足輕重的角色：以色列子民以「亞巴郎的後裔」自稱（若八33）；依撒格成為許諾之子（參閱創十五，十七16，十八10；羅九7）；雅各伯不僅被改名為「以色列」（創卅二29，卅五10），其十二位兒子的後代也將衍生以色列十二支派（參閱創四九；申卅三）。無論是亞巴郎還是依撒格，其行為舉止都可堪稱表率。然而，雅各伯卻以「欺騙」而獲得長子名分（參閱創廿五27－34），以「欺騙」父親而獲祝福（參閱創廿七），甚至「欺騙」舅父拉班而獲取家產（參閱創三十25－34）。讀者對此不禁提出疑問：天主為何會揀選如此道德不堪的「騙子」為選民的聖祖？雅各伯是否要為自己的行為付出代價？本文旨在精讀雅各伯生命歷程中的重要事件，從倫理道德層面分析「欺騙」與「被欺騙」之間的「因果效應」。
並列摘要
The Lord revealed Himself to Moses as "the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob" (Ex 3:6, 15-16; 4:5); Jesus also referred to God as "the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob" (Mt 22:32; Mc 12:26; Lu 20:37). These three patriarchs play a significant role in the salvation history: the people of Israel called themselves "descendants of Absalom" (Jos 8:33); Isaac became the son of promise (cf. Gn 15:4; 17:16; 18:10; Rom 9:7); and not only Jacob was renamed "Israel" (Gn 32:29; 35:10), but also the descendants of his twelve sons gave rise to the twelve tribes of Israel (cf. Gn 49; Dt 33). Both Abraham and Isaac were exemplary in their behavior; however, Jacob was known for "cheating" on his firstborn status (cf. Gn 25:27-34), his father's blessing (cf. Gn 27), even "cheating" his uncle Laban's family (cf. Gn 30:25-34), which makes readers wonder why God chose such a morally unsound "liar" to be the saintly ancestor of the chosen people. Did Jacob have to pay for his behavior? The purpose of this article is to read the important events in Jacob's life history and analyze the "cause and effect" between "deceiving" and "being deceived" from the ethical and moral point of view.