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教會處理當職人員性侵案件的相關流程—淺析2023年版《你們是世界的光》手諭
Ecclesial Procedure Associated to The Dealing of Abuse Cases Committed by Church Personnel: Analysis of 2023 Edition of Motu Proprio Vos Estis Lux Mundi
摘要
教會內的性侵案件嚴重影響教會的生活及最終的使命。為處理天主教會內部當職人員性侵案件，天主教會一直在努力調整自身態度與具體措施。這一過程耗時大約二十年，最終迎來了教宗方濟各的手諭《你們是世界的光》。一份簡單的手諭似乎並不能起到重大作用；其實不然，因為手諭本身就是教宗修改、增加並公布教會內司法程式的官方文件，一經公布，就能在特定日期屆滿之後產生強制性效力。更何況，2023年頒布的增補版手諭並不是單一的文件，而是與另外兩份重要文件幾乎同時面世：其中之一是重新修訂的《教會法典》第六卷（教會的制裁），另一份則是教宗方濟各為改革梵蒂岡教廷而制定的宗座憲章《你們去宣講福音》。從技術上說，這三份文件為處理性侵案件都有指導作用：手諭注重指導各級教會具體的措施；《教會法典》第六卷提供定義犯罪行為所需的參考，並為之後的量刑指出方向；而教廷內部的改革則劃清了權力的界線，使具體部門能夠監督整個流程，並作出最後結論。本文以手諭為基礎，並結合上述另外兩份主要文件，淺析教會目前對當職人員性侵案件的處理流程。
並列摘要
In order to tackle properly the abuse cases committed by the ecclesial personnel, the Catholic Church has been taking a great effort so that her attitude and specific measures can be adjusted effectively. Such a process, after taking around 20 years of time, has led to the papal Motu Proprio Vos Estis Lux Mundi. A simple Motu Proprio might seem not be expected important for its influence; and yet, it is traditionally the official form of document issued by the Pope to improve, increase, and promote judicial procedure within the Church; therefore, once promulgated, it carries out binding effects after the duration of the "vacation of law". Moreover, the updated edition of Motu Proprio, published in 2023, is not a sporadic document that appears alone; in fact it was introduced together with two other weighty documents, namely the renovated version of the sixth book of the Code of Canon Law (the Sanction of the Church); and the Apostolic Constitution Predicate Evangelium (on the reforming of the Roman Curia). Technically speaking, these three documents all provide guidance for the dealing of the abuse cases: The Motu Proprio focuses on the detailed measures to be followed and practiced by levels of Church authorities; the updated sixth book of the Code offers a necessary reference to define crimes, and further indicates the direction of sizing the suitable penalties; meanwhile, the interior reforming of the Roman Curia delineates the limit of office so that competent departments will be able to supervise the whole procedure and bring about a final conclusion for it. Considering the gravity of the abuse cases which severely jeopardize the life of the Church and her ultimate mission, this article presents an analysis, basing on the comprehensive pondering of the aforementioned three documents while keeping attentive to the Motu Proprio as foundation, on the procedure in dealing with the abuse cases committed by ecclesial personnel.