論金口約翰解經學中的「俯就」原則

Συγκατάβασις: A Principle in John Chrysostom's Exegesis

彭昱森(Raphael Yü-sen Peng)

《建道學刊》 60期 (2023/07) Pp. 23-41

摘要

俯就是金口約翰解經學的核心原則。俯就的根本原因是上帝的神聖經紀，直接原因是人類理性的軟弱，二者以上帝的仁愛為共同前提；俯就的具體表現不可勝數，但它們的共性是默示經文的「精微」，它既是默示的屬性，以類型多樣、巨細靡遺、寬嚴相濟、循序漸進為特徵；也是由此衍生而來的讀經方法。俯就的目的是「上行」，以「哲學」、「知識的豐富」及「上帝的榮耀」為旨歸。俯就既是金口約翰評注聖經的基礎，也影響了他對某些教務問題的處理，真正體現了知行合一。

並列摘要

Συγκατάβασις is the primary principle of John Chrysostom's exegesis. Firstly, the fundamental cause is the divine οἰκονομία and the immediate cause is the weakness (ἀσθένεια) of human mind, both of which have God's loving-kindness (φιλάνθρωπος) as a common premise. Secondly, there are countless specific manifestations of συγκατάβασις, but what they have in common is the ἀκρίβεια of the inspired scriptures, which is both an attribute of inspiration, (characterized by the diversity of types, immensity of details, strictness in generosity, and gradualness of progression,) and the method of biblical reading derived from it. Thirdly, the purpose of the συγκατάβασις is called ἀνάβασις, with "philosophy", "enrichment of knowledge" and "glory of God" as its objects. Not only the basis of John Chrysostom's commentary on the Bible, the principle of συγκατάβασις also influenced his approach to certain pastoral issues, truly embodying the unity of knowing and acting.