人間菩薩－觀音信仰在東亞與東南亞的傳佈

Humanistic Bodhisattva - The Spread of Guanyin Belief in the East and Southeast Asia

駱慧瑛(Lok Wai Ying, Irene)

《無礙法界．正教弘傳：人間佛教在東亞與東南亞的傳佈》 2020年 (2020/04) Pp. 440-475

摘要

觀音，是漢傳佛教中最廣為大眾認識和愛載的菩薩之一。觀音菩薩由佛陀介紹，最主要記載於《妙法蓮華經》第廿五品〈觀世音菩薩普門品〉。本文透過三重考證法：研究敦煌第45窟的觀音經變、《觀世音應驗記》、敦煌藏經洞出土《觀音經》抄本等敦煌佛教圖象及出土文獻資料，探討觀音信仰在中國及東南亞的傳播與流佈，及大乘慈悲精神的實踐。推論認為觀音菩薩信仰廣為流傳，普及於民間與觀音菩薩的應驗有密切關係。

關鍵字

人間佛教 ； 觀音菩薩 ； 東亞與東南亞的佛教傳佈 ； 妙法蓮華經 ； 觀音經變 ； 敦煌第45觀音經變 ； 佛教圖像 ； 大乘佛教

並列摘要

Guanyin (Sanskrit: Avalokiteśvara or Padmapani), one of the most widely recognized Buddhist image in the Chinese Buddhism. The Bodhisattva was introduced by the Buddha in the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Sūtra (English: Lotus Sūtra) which is one of the most popular and influential Mahāyāna sūtras. In this paper, Buddhist iconography will be studied in the light of Buddhist philosophy. The study also takes into account triangulation of data collected through various sources, namely: 1) Field trips in Dunhuang and related areas for primary data collection; 2) Image analyses of data collected from the primary and secondary sources; 3) Verifying through and integrating with both historical and modern Buddhist literature / documentation. The paper will be focused on identifying Buddhist philosophy from the mural paintings of the Guan Yin Sutraand on the conceptualized understanding of the material as presented in the paintings. The spread of the cult of Guanyin in Medieval age in China and in Southeast Asia will also be discussed, analyzed and a conclusion with findings will be presented at the end.

並列關鍵字

Humanistic Buddhism ； Guanyin Bodhisattva ； The Spread of Buddhism in East and Southeast Asia ； Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Sūtra ； Guanyin jingbian ； Dunhuang Grottoes Cave 45 ； Buddhist Iconography ； Mahāyāna Buddhism