- 期刊
Global Sixties in the Non-Western World
摘要
In Western societies and liberal democracies, the cypher '1968' and 'the sixties' are frequently associated with a strong student movement and a liberalization of various behavioural norms and conventions. The 'student power' movement of the late 1960s articulated a range of demands, among them the liberation from moral constraints as prominently pinpointed in the slogan 'make love not war'. While one would subscribe to the important role of student and 'New Left' movements for the period coined as 'global sixties', it remains to be questioned if such movements indeed emerged over the globe. Or were there other ideological and/or social movements that exerted their influence on the change of times without having become as prominent as those associated with 'the sixties' in Western Europe and the USA? The paper focuses on this issue and looks at developments in Indonesia and Malaysia during the late 1960s and 70s as a period of considerable social change. It finds that Islamic movements became particularly strong and influential in the two Southeast Asian countries. While these Islamic movements can hardly be characterized as New Left movements, their political orientation was nonetheless partly similar, i.e. Islamic activism of this time period was as oppositional as left activism in other world regions. The picture of the 'global sixties' should thus be painted with a clear commitment to include both New Left and Islamic movements.