- 期刊
- OpenAccess
兩岸中文語料庫的構式成語偵測與發展之異同：以［一A＃B］為例
Detecting and Analyzing the Development of Quadri-syllabic Idiomatic Constructions in Cross-strait Chinese Variation: A Case Study of [一A＃B]
摘要
中文特有的四字格成語源遠流長，多從古漢語精煉而來，常具有特定的構式，且該結構能用於生成更多的新成語。兩岸的中文經過數十年的發展，已具有個別獨特的詞彙，成語的使用亦有所不同。本文運用構式搭配分析法（Collostructional Analysis），從繁簡中文新聞語料庫中擷取了238個符合［一A＃B］構式的繁體中文成語，以及338個簡體中文成語。雖然本文採用簡體中文語料庫的新聞總篇數（1990～2002年共734,741篇）僅不到繁體中文新聞（1991～2002年共1,602,174篇）之半數，但因大陸簡體中文的使用者較多、以及兩岸社經文化之差異，所以［一A千B］已於大陸（簡體中文）發展出「一語千金／鈞」等構式成語，繁體中文則未見使用。簡體中文新發展的構式成語能否持續地使用並留存下來，繁體中文是否因使用人口較少，尚未發展出新用法，或者受語言接觸影響而傳入新用法，是未來值得觀察的方向，從構式觀點分析成語及其能產性亦有助於外語學習者理解和運用成語。
並列摘要
The special quadri-syllabic idiomatic expressions (QIEs) in Chinese have existed for a long history, mostly refined from archaic Chinese and consisting a specific construction which can be used to generate more new QIEs. Over half a century of development cross the strait, both Chinese variations have evolved special words and differed in the uses of certain idioms. This paper adopts Collostructional Analysis to a news corpus, extracting 238 QIEs in traditional Chinese characters with the [one-A-number-B] construction, and 338 simplified Chinese QIEs. Although the total number of news articles in the simplified Chinese corpus used in this paper (734,741 articles from 1990 to 2002) is less than half of those in the traditional Chinese news corpus (1,602,174 articles from 1991 to 2002), it is speculated that due to a larger user base of simplified Chinese in mainland China during the same period and differences in socio-cultural aspects between the two areas, constructions like [one-A-thousand-B] led to the emergence of idioms such as 一語千金 'one word (worth) thousand gold' which was not found in the traditional Chinese corpus. It is worth observing in the future whether these newly developed QIEs with constructions in simplified Chinese will continue to be used and preserved, and whether traditional Chinese, due to a smaller user base, has yet to develop new usages. It is also interesting whether further language interactions will introduce new usages in the future. Analyzing idioms and their productivity from a perspective of construction can also assist foreign language learners in understanding and using idiomatic expressions.