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臺灣地區地層下陷之現況、成因與對策
Land-subsidence in Taiwan and Its Remedial Measures
摘要
臺灣地區近二、三十年來由於經濟蓬勃發展，各標的需水量亦逐年劇增。由於地下水之水質水量較穩定，取用方便，且成本較低，人們競相抽汲地下水，以致西南沿海以及宜蘭、臺北等地區因地下水位長期下降而相繼發生了嚴重的地層下陷問題，下陷面積超過1,057平方公里，其中又以雲林地區之300平方公里範圍最爲遼闊，而下陷量最大者發生於屏東縣佳冬鄉燄塭村之2.82公尺。除國土損失外，地層下陷尙衍生排水不良、海水倒灌、海水入侵、土地鹽化等水土資源損害情事。臺灣地區地層下陷原因主要來自地下水之超抽，而過去中央或地方政府亦曾採取各項措施，而成效並未彰顯。本文在考量全面整體規劃及標本兼治之原則下，提出（一）通盤規劃地層下陷區土地利用，（二）加强下陷區產業輔導，（三）加强地下水管制及水資源規劃，及（四）教育宣導之配合等四大對策，並分別提出工作項目。最後並建議成立一地層下陷防治推動小組來推動實施。
並列摘要
The rapid economic growth in Taiwan in recent decades has resulted in dramatic increase in water demand. Groundwater has been favored due to its stable quality and quantity, easy accessibility, and low cost. However, the overwithdrawal of groundwater has also caused serious land-subsidence problems in west coast, as well as in Ilan and Taipei areas, and has brought in subsequent poor-drainage, sea water intrusion, and soil salination, etc. The total subsidence area has exceeded 1,057 km^2, and the maximum subsided depth of 2.82 m has occurred in Pingtung County. Both central and local governments have adapted various measures to mitigate the land-subsidence; however, the effects have been limited. The objective of this paper is to propose a series of practical measures from an overall perspective and consistent procedures. The proposed measures are: (1) general re-planning of subsided-land use, (2) proper guidance of industries and agriculture in subsidence areas, (3) strengthened control of groundwater and planning of water resources, and (4) supplementary practices of education and propaganda. Furthermore, a promotion team for the mitigation of land-subsidence is suggested in order for the coordination of various tasks by various agencies.