淡水、澎湖與高雄之極高潮推算

Predicted Extreme High Tides for the West Coast of Taiwan

李賢文(HSIEN-WEN LI) ； 張永佳(YEONG-JIA CHANG)

《台灣水利》 37卷1期 (1989/03) Pp. 33-40+23

摘要

臺灣每年都會遭受颱風之侵襲，同時颱所引發之暴潮常在低窪地區造成海水倒灌；尤其颱風暴潮如在天文大潮來臨前後，則兩者現象合成之結果，往往使得海面暴漲，導致沿海窪地水患。爲了防患颱風暴潮所導致之水患，我們必須研究長週期的極高潮（extreme high tide）發生情形。歷年來臺灣地區對於潮汐高低之預報及研究，通常只局限於短時間之分析，如此就無法有效地瞭解潮汐之長時間週期變化。本文特別以18.61年太陰節點（lunar node）週期做爲分析長度，取淡水、澎湖、高雄三站資料，利用最小二乘法調和分析結果從事預報工作，預測未來至2005年間之極高潮。計算結果顯示，淡水每年中最大潮都在7月8月或9月間出現，而以8月最爲頻繁。澎湖每年中最大潮出現月分爲8、9、10三個月，以10月最多。高雄每年中最大潮發生在6、7月間，而以7月頻率最高。

並列摘要

The combination of high tides and typhoon surges are devastating to the coastal lowland of western Taiwan during yearly typhoon period. The types of tides are varied along the west coast of Taiwan. Some parts are semidiurnal and the others are mixed. Spring tides, perigean tides, and tropic tides are included in this study by using appropriate tide constituents. Tidal data of 18.61 years for Dann-Shwei, Peng-Hu and Kaohsiung are used for harmonic analysis to cover a cycle of the longitude of the lunar node. The predicted yearly extreme high tides occur mostly in August, October, and July for Dann-Shwei, Peng-Hu and Kaohsiung, respectively. The dates and heights of the calculated extreme high tides will provide a measure of flood warning system for the west coast of Taiwan during typhoon period.

參考文獻

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