- 期刊
- OpenAccess
從道德經論明朝皇室危機－－以張敏秘密養育明孝宗為例
Discussing the Ming Dynasty Imperial Crisis from the Tao Te Ching Perspective: Taking Zhang Min's Secret Upbringing of Emperor Xiaozong as an Example
摘要
本文藉由幾個歷史事件和人物在探討明朝中葉時期的政治發展，包括「鄧茂七之亂」的背景與影響、明英宗朱祁鎮的「土木堡之變」、及其後的「奪門之變」，與宦官張敏在這些事件中的角色地位，特別是他如何在這個過程中化解棘手的政治危機，連帶逐步提升自己身分地位，並對明朝的皇室的繼承和國本穩固做出巨大貢獻。因此，本文探討張敏的政治手段結合道家哲學經典《道德經》，探究他如何運用其核心理念，強調「無為而治」，透過不做過多的干預與強制行為來達成危機的管理，並順應自然和諧的狀態，呼應老子強調道與德的統一、柔弱勝剛強、守靜制動等根本原則，在多次宮廷鬥爭中成功選擇了正確的立場，在混亂的時代中利用自己的智慧和能力，逐步爬升至權力的核心及鞏固大明王朝，此值得我們特別深入研究之。
並列摘要
This article explores the political development during the mid-Ming Dynasty through several historical events and figures, including the background and impact of the "Deng Maoqi Rebellion," the "Tumu Crisis" during Emperor Yingzong's reign, and the subsequent "Gate Rebellion." It focuses on the role and position of the eunuch Zhang Min in these events, particularly how he managed to resolve difficult political crises, gradually elevate his own status, and make significant contributions to the stability of the imperial succession and the foundation of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, this article examines Zhang Min's political tactics in conjunction with the Taoist philosophical classic Tao Te Ching, exploring how he applied its core principles, particularly the concept of "wu wei" (non-action). By refraining from excessive intervention and coercive actions, Zhang Min successfully managed crises, following the natural harmony of the situation. His actions echoed the fundamental principles emphasized by Laozi, such as the unity of Dao and De, the strength of softness over hardness, and the balance of stillness and movement. Through strategic positioning during multiple court struggles, Zhang Min chose the right stance and, in the midst of chaos, used his wisdom and ability to ascend to the core of power, ultimately consolidating the Ming Dynasty. This topic is worthy of further in-depth study.