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COVID-19疫情下遠距教學對中部某大學大學生飲食型態與睡眠品質及壓力知覺之調查與其相關性研究
The Study of the Correlation Betweenthe on the Diet, Sleep Quality and Perceived Stress among College Students in Taichung during the COVID-19 Pandemic Distance Learning
摘要
研究指出COVID-19疫情會改變民眾的健康及飲食型態，但臺灣目前尚未對此進行探討，因此本研究調查COVID-19疫情下遠距教學期間大學生飲食型態與睡眠品質及壓力知覺之關係。研究對象為中部某大學265名大學生，以網路問卷調查遠距教學期間飲食型態與睡眠品質及壓力知覺的改變，並進一步分析三者之關係。問卷內容包含基本資料、飲食型態問卷（包含六大類食物攝取行為、便利性食品攝取頻率）、匹茲堡睡眠品質量表及壓力知覺量表。結果顯示，遠距教學期間大學生國民每日飲食指南建議攝取量之符合度在蔬菜類（21.9%）、水果類（27.5%）、乳品類（15.8%）及堅果種子類（11.3%）比率較低。在便利性食品攝取部分顯示，遠距教學期間大學生較少攝取便利性食品（13.31±6.10分；從未到偶爾之間）。在睡眠品質部分，有六成六大學生睡眠品質為佳。在壓力知覺部分顯示，遠距教學期間大學生處於中等壓力狀態（27.72 ± 9.33 分）。整體而言，遠距教學期間飲食型態與睡眠品質呈顯著負相關性（r = -0.160, p = 0.009），表示大學生飲食型態得分較高者，睡眠品質較佳。壓力知覺與睡眠品質呈顯著正相關性（r = 0.320, p < 0.001），表示壓力程度較高者，睡眠品質較差。本研究發現大學生壓力知覺越低者，其飲食型態較佳、睡眠品質較好；反之，壓力知覺越高者，其飲食型態較差、睡眠品質較差。由於健康飲食對壓力及睡眠的改善是具有正向效益的，因此在後疫情時代，建議學校增加校園蔬果、乳產品及堅果種子的販售點，使其提高可獲性及可近性，以便全校師生取得這類利於健康的食物，以期達到促進均衡飲食習慣之目標。
並列摘要
Research indicates the COVID-19 epidemic changes people's health and diet, However, this has not yet been well discussed in Taiwan, especially in college students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of distance learning on college students' dietary patterns, sleep quality and perception of stress during the COVID-19 epidemic in Taiwan. 265 college students from a university in Taichung were recruited in this study. The self-administered online questionnaire was used to investigate the changes in eating behavior, sleep quality, and perception of stress before and one month after distance learning, and further analyzed the relationship among them. The questionnaire contains demographic information, dietary questionnaires (including six categories of food intake behaviors, convenience food intake frequency), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Perceived Stress Scale (Chinese 14-item PSS). The results showed that the proportion of college students to meet the recommended Taiwan Dietary Guidelines amount in vegetables (21.9%), fruits (27.5%), meats and dairy products (15.8%), and nuts and seeds (11.3%) were lower during distance learning. The frequency of convenient food intake was lower during distance learning (13.31 ± 6.10 points; never to occasionally). During the distance learning period, there was a significant negative correlation between dietary patterns and sleep quality (r = -0.160, p = 0.009), It shows that college students with higher dietary pattern scores have better sleep quality. During the distance learning period, there was a significant positive correlation between sleep quality and perceived stress (r = 0.320, p < 0.001), It shows that college students with higher levels of stress had poorer sleep quality. This study found that the lower the perceived stress of college students, the better their diet and sleep quality; conversely, the higher the perceived stress, the worse their diet and sleep quality. Studies have shown that a healthy, balanced diet can reduce the risk of getting various diseases. Therefore, in the post-epidemic era, it is recommended that schools increase the accessibility and availability of vegetables, fruits, dairy products, nuts and seeds on campus to make it easier for teachers and students to obtain such healthy food in order to achieve the goal of promoting balanced diet.