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我國2013-2016年國民營養調查體位分析與常模建立－（I）身高、體重、身體質量指數
Anthropometric data analysis and norm establishment on 2013-2016 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan-(I) height, weight and BMI
摘要
體位測量為簡單、廉價且無侵入性的健康指標。體位測量評估健康狀態時，需要種族、年齡層與性別分層的對應常模。本研究運用2013-2016年國民營養健康狀況變遷調查資料，分析國人體位之身高、體重、身體質量指數（BMI），年齡分層分19至85歲以上共9年齡層，並取性別、年齡層內之9百分位分析。資料檔總計人數5,581人，男、女性各半。分析結果，男女性年齡層愈高，身高中位數愈低，男、女平均差12.1cm；65歲以上，每5歲身高遞減各0.95、1.35cm。男性30歲、女性45歲之後，年齡增加則體重遞減，男性遞減速率（每年齡層1.92kg）高於女性（1.59kg）。男、女平均體重差為10.2公斤，30-45歲時男女差到14.5kg、70歲以上則降到9kg以下。BMI資料，65歲前後，男性隨年齡層先升後降；女性則呈現隨年齡層增加而一直遞增。BMI的男女交叉點出現在70-75歲，此年齡層之後，女性BMI逐漸高於男性。本研究成果為找出國人身高、體重、BMI之性別與年齡層常模，供健康評估使用，也證實國人身高體重與BMI有年齡層差異，在制定高齡者體位評估指標時，需多加檢視高齡族群合宜的BMI切點。
並列摘要
Anthropometric measurement has the advantages of simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive. When anthropometric measurement is used to assess health status, corresponding norms stratified by race, age group, and gender are needed. This study uses the survey data on 2013-2016 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan to analyze the height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) indicators. The age stratification is divided into 9 age groups from 19 to 85 years and older, and 9 of the gender and age groups corresponding percentile are therefore established. The total number of people in the data file is 5,581, with half male and half female. Results show that the higher the age group, the lower the median height. The average difference between men and women is 12.1 cm. Over the age of 65, the height decreases by 0.95 and 1.35 cm for every 5 years increases of men and women respectively. After the age of 30 for men and 45 for women, weight decreases as age increases, and the rate of decline for men (1.92 kg per age group) is higher than that for women (1.59 kg). The average weight gap between men and women is 10.2 kg, larger in younger age while smaller in older age. BMI of men first increase and then decrease around 65 years-old; while women show an increasing trend with age. The crossover point of BMI between men and women occurs between the ages of 70-75. The results of this study are to find the gender and age norms for height, weight, and BMI of Chinese people for health assessment. It also confirms that there are age differences in height, weight, and BMI of Chinese people. When formulating the anthropometric indicators, more attention needs to be paid to the elderly appropriate BMI cut-off.