- 期刊
南投縣露營區之坡地風險分析
Risk Analysis of the Camping Sites on the Slopes of Nantou County
摘要
近年來，露營已成國人熱門的休閒活動，業者紛紛開闢露營區，然而露營區大都位於高海拔山區，不少業者看準商機，紛紛把自有空地改造成露營場，卻沒經過完整的露營場土地使用許可申請、沒依規定妥善處理污水和廢棄物，甚至還有少數違法露營區設立於環境敏感區，造成環境問題的同時還讓不知情的露營者落入風險之中。截至2023年11月23日，全臺共有1728家露營場，然而合法設立的僅有184間，代表近90%的露營場違法設立。根據經濟部地質調查所2020年的調查指出，全臺目前有230處露營場位於順向坡地區，或是曾發生過土石崩塌，以及因地表變形而有山崩風險的環境敏感區。若不慎誤選違法露營場，很可能將自身暴露在危險之中，進而破壞水土保持危害自然生態，有些更是鄰近土石流潛勢溪流及位處地質敏感區等，這些問題將造成民眾生命可能危害，對水土保持造成極大的隱憂，使遊客置身於危險場域當中。露營雖可增進國內觀光休閒旅遊之發展，但相對的衍生濫墾山坡地、環境、水資源污染及遊客安全等問題，對於水土保持及生態造成嚴重的衝擊，因此需要導入正常管理，但綜觀國內露營區之相關研究佔多數屬於休閒觀光方面多半為遊憩體驗、服務品質、顧客滿意度及重遊意願之研究，目前在低度利用並兼顧山林保育前提下，內政部有條件放寬農牧及林業用地可以設置露營場，修正「非都市土地使用管制規則」，1公頃以下的小型露營場，於「農牧用地」可以有條件設置10%的營位設施、衛生設施及管理室，但不得超過660平方公尺；並考量山林保育原則，「林業用地」僅可以設置營位設施及衛生設施。但鮮少針對露營區所屬區位是否安全作探討，本研究利用地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System，GIS）套疊政府機關所提供之地質環境敏感相關圖資及蒐集歷年災情用以瞭解南投縣露營區之區位風險分析，以作為民眾挑選露營地區之參考依據。
並列摘要
In recent years, camping has become a popular leisure activity among Taiwanese people. Numerous operators have developed camping sites, primarily located in high-altitude mountainous areas. Seizing the business opportunity, they have converted their private lands into campsites without obtaining comprehensive land use permits for camping sites and without properly handling sewage and waste disposal as per regulations. Some illegal camping sites have even been established in environmentally sensitive areas, posing environmental problems and exposing unaware campers to risks. As of November 23, 2023, there are 1,728 camping sites across Taiwan, but only 184 are legally established, indicating that nearly 90% of the camping sites are illegal. According to a 2020 survey by the Geological Survey and Mining Management Agency of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 230 camping sites in Taiwan are currently located on dip slopes, areas with a history of landslides, or regions with a risk of landslides due to surface deformation, all classified as environmentally sensitive areas. Selecting an illegal camping site inadvertently exposes individuals to danger, compromises soil and water conservation, and harms the natural ecosystem. Some sites are even near potential debris flow streams and geologically sensitive areas, posing significant threats to public safety and serious concerns for soil and water conservation, as well as tourist safety. While camping can enhance the development of domestic tourism and leisure activities, it also leads to problems such as deforestation of slopes, environmental and water resource pollution, and tourist safety concerns, significantly impacting soil and water conservation as well as the ecosystem. Therefore, proper management is necessary. However, reviewing relevant studies on domestic camping sites reveals that most research focuses on leisure and tourism aspects, such as recreational experiences, service quality, customer satisfaction, and revisit intention. Currently, under the premise of low utilization and forest conservation, the Ministry of the Interior has conditionally relaxed regulations to allow the establishment of camping sites on agricultural and forestry land. The "Regulations on Non-urban Land Use Control" have been amended to permit the conditional establishment of small camping sites under one hectare on farming and grazing lands, allowing up to 10% of the area for camping facilities, sanitary facilities, and management rooms, but not exceeding 660 square meters. For forestry land, only camping and sanitary facilities are permitted in accordance with forest conservation principles. However, there is a lack of research on the safety of the locations of these camping sites. This study employed Geographic Information System technology to overlay geological and environmental sensitivity maps provided by government agencies and to collect historical disaster data to analyze the location risks of camping sites in Nantou County. The findings served as a reference for the public in selecting safe camping areas.