越南客家语系少数民族：“艾族”的历史渊源与文化认同──以太原省洞喜县化上社为主的观察探讨

The Hakka ethnic minorities in Vietnam: the historical origin and cultural identity of the "Ngai people"-Observation and Discussion Focusing on the Thuong Hoa Commune, Dong Hy District, Thai Nguyen Province

梁云辉(Luong Van Huy)

《韓江學刊（電子學刊）》 3期 (2023/05) Pp. 245-266

摘要

对越南而言，由客家民系与其艾话语系演变而来的本土艾人文化与艾话，是国家历史文化的重要组成部分。自1979年，越南认定艾族和华族一样具有主体民族地位，境内的艾人也就有了选择，或继续以文化渊源，将自己视为华族或客家人后裔；或根据越南艾人本有多族群融合过程，把自己视为接受过客家的影响，以客语系艾话为母语的少数民族。虽然如此，这不见得影响华族和艾族的相互认同，而越南的宪法和民族政策演变至今，其实有利当局在尊重宪法，保护整体华族文化之外，实质的关注人口登记不足两千人的艾族，以保护正在式微的艾话与其文化。

關鍵字

海宁 ； 客家 ； 艾话 ； 民系 ； 少数民族

並列摘要

In Vietnam, the Vietnamese native Ngai culture and Ngai dialect evolved from the Hakka culture and their Ngai dialect from China have always been considered as part of the important Vietnamese national heritage. Since 1979, Vietnam has recognized that the Ngai and the Chinese have a separate dominant ethnic status; the descendants of the Ngai in the country are given choice to identify themselves as the descendants of the Chinese/Hakka based on their cultural origin; or to regard themselves as an ethnic minority influenced by Hakka, making use of Hakka Ngai dialect as their mother tongue, according to their localized multi-ethnic integration process. However, the ethnic affiliations among the Ngai people have never necessarily affected the mutual identity and recognition of relatives living between the Ngai Chinese and Ngai ethnic groups. In fact, Vietnam's current constitution and ethnic policy have confirmed the obligation of the authorities to respect and protect the overall Chinese and other minorities. In addition, the consideration of Ngai as a separate minority group also benefits the national need of paying more substantial attention to the Ngai people with a population of less than 2,000, for the protection of the declining Ngai language and its culture.

並列關鍵字

HảiNinh ； Hakka ； Ngai Language ； Subgroups of the Ethnicity ； Ethnic Minorities