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澳門地區兒童血清過敏原檢測及流行特徵分析
Analysis of allergens detection and epidemic characteristics in Macau Children
摘要
目的：檢測探討澳門地區兒童特異性過敏原檢測的結果分佈及其規律，為預防過敏性疾病提供科學依據。方法：收集2022年1月～12月在本院進行過敏原血清學測試的兒童案例，共有173例食物性過敏原組合與239例吸入性過敏原組合，對各項過敏原的陽性率進行統計分析，瞭解兒童過敏的性别、年齡層和季節性分佈及流行特徵。結果：食物性過敏原陽性率56.65%，吸入性過敏原陽性率70.29%。食物性過敏原（海鮮肉類）組合陽性率前三位為蛋白、牛奶、三文魚，食物性過敏原（水果堅果類）組合陽性率前三位為燕麥、奇異果、花生；吸入性過敏原陽性率前三位為歐洲屋塵蟎、家蠶蛾、貓毛皮屑。吸入性過敏原的陽性率隨年齡增長而升高，而食物性過敏原的陽性率隨年齡的增高而降低，其差異具有統計學意義。結論：不同年齡組中過敏原陽性率有差異，及早瞭解兒童的過敏原分佈特徵，可有效地做好預防和早期干預，對過敏性疾病的診斷及治療有重要的臨床意義。
並列摘要
Objective: To investigate the distribution of allergens in Macau children to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of allergic diseases. Methods: The laboratory results of allergens detection in children from the year 2022 were selected to study the distribution of allergens, with a total of 173 cases related to food allergens and 239 cases related to inhaled allergens. Statistical analysis was performed to find out the relationship between the distribution of allergens and factors such as sex, gender, and season. Results: Positive rate of food allergies was 56.65% and inhaled allergies were 70.29%. Among the food allergens, for the panel related to seafood and meat, the top 3 most detected allergens were egg white, milk and salmon, for fruit and nuts panel, the oat, kiwi and peanuts were the top 3 most detected allergens. For inhaled allergies, the top 3 most detected allergens were dermatophagoidespteronyssinus, cat dander and dog dander. From the statistical analysis, the positive rate of inhaled allergens increased with age, but positive rate of food allergens decreased and the differences between the findings were statistically significant. Conclusion: There are differences in allergen positivity rates among different age groups, therefore, understanding the distribution of allergens among children in an early stage is important to promote early intervention and prevention of allergic diseases, and also facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.