- 會議論文
京劇《四郎探母》的悲劇性之探討
Investigate to the Tragic of Peking Opera "Se Lang Tan Mu"(《四郎探母》)
摘要
楊家將故事自北宋中期以後，就一直廣受各階層人士所喜愛，不僅話本小說處處可見，各戲曲劇種亦無不爭相改編。僅京劇一個劇種，就有三十多部戲與楊家將有關。與四郎探母這一故事相關的，就有《四郎探母》、《八郎探母》、《三關宴》、《折箭為盟》等，各有不同的主旨思想。京劇《四郎探母》在前清道光年間出現於舞臺以後，便大受歡迎，1949年兩岸分道揚鑣，卻不約而同地禁演此戲，雖著力在楊四郎的忠孝問題上，卻也間接證實了《四郎探母》的影響力。楊四郎失落番邦十五載，最終與母親相見的情節，不僅在亂世緊扣人心，就是在太平盛世，也感人肺腑。所以此劇可能是京劇演出史上，最常出現在舞台的作品之一。有關此劇的評論之多，恐怕在京劇中亦屬少見。但大多集中在藝術結構的分析，在意識形態及悲劇性的問題上，尚未見系統的分析。本文擬以「甚麼樣的人」，「遭遇甚麼樣的情勢」，「做出甚麼樣的決定」，「得到甚麼樣的結果」，「給觀眾甚麼樣的情緒反應」等五個指標，探討京劇《四郎探母》的悲劇性。
並列摘要
Legend story of Yang's Generals since the mid of North Song dynasty, has been well received by all sectors of the favorite, not only the words of the novel can be seen everywhere, not competing each operas no adaptation. In Peking Opera, there are more than thirty plays about Yang's Generals . In these plays, there are some scripts describe the plots of Se Lang to visit his mother. Peking Opera "Se Lang Tan Mu"(《四郎探母》)appeared in Qing Daoguang and popular Immediately. Taiwan and the Mainland China separated in 1949, they are invariably forbidden the play, although focused on moral problem, but also indirectly confirmed the influence of "Se Lang Tan Mu ". The plot of Yang Se Lang lost fifteen years and eventually meet with his mother, affecting the people not only in troubled times but also in peace and prosperity. So the play could be one of the most common stage works performed in the history of Peking Opera. There are many essays analysis of its structure, but very few in the ideology and tragic problem. This article is intended to five indicators --"what kind of person", "what kind of situation encountered", "what kind of decision making", "what kind of results", "to the audience, what kind of emotional response," -- to discuss the tragic of Peking Opera "Se Lang Tan Mu".