- 會議論文
自傳性詮釋的跨文化劇場－以當代傳奇劇場《蛻變》為例
An Autobiographical Interpretation in Intercultural Theatre: A Case Study on Contemporary Legend Theatre's Metamorphosis
摘要
當代傳奇劇場是台灣劇場界致力於西方題材跨文化改編的標誌性劇團，自2000年復團以來，當代傳奇劇場初期對於莎士比亞和希臘悲劇等經典戲劇的改編方向，已明顯轉向至對現代文學的個人化另類演繹，其2013年的作品《蛻變》（Metamorphosis）顯著展現吳興國個人色彩強烈的自傳性詮釋，不但讓當代傳奇劇場繼《李爾在此》（King Lear）之後，三年之內兩度受邀至英國愛丁堡藝術節演出，其獨樹一幟的跨文化改編製作，也創造了專屬於吳興國個人美學的戲劇品牌。當代傳奇劇場《蛻變》改編自奧地利德語小說家卡夫卡（Franz Kafka）的同名中篇小說，卡夫卡的原著小說是存在主義（Existentialism）的代表作品，對現代文學產生極深的影響。當代傳奇劇場採用獨角戲的戲劇形式，擷取原著中主人翁對父權的抵抗為創作核心意識，融合原著精神與改編者個人的生命體悟，並結合京劇、崑曲、現代舞、默劇與多媒體影像的跨界創作元素，解構卡夫卡原著進行拼貼、混搭、重組進行再創造，建構出富有濃厚東方文化意象以及個人化表演風格的《蛻變》。本文擬以羅（Jacqueline Lo）和吉爾伯（Helen Gilbert）所提出的「跨文化建議模型」（Proposed Model for Interculturalism）理論，以及布魯迪厄（Pierre Bourdieu）所提出的「習性」（habitus）理論來集中探討當代傳奇劇場的作品《蛻變》。依此理論架構，文本藉由分析此一作品來探討當代傳奇劇場如何因應京劇在台灣的獨特性和生存困境，以跨文化改編作為策略進行京劇現代化與發展獨特的戲劇詮釋美學，進而檢視台灣劇場跨文化改編現象所反映出文化脈絡、美學創新與產業競爭力之間的連結性。
並列摘要
Contemporary Legend Theatre is a representative theatrical company focusing on intercultural adaptation of Western materials in Taiwan. After 2000, Contemporary Legend Theatre has a noticeable and changed tendency to creative source materials, transferring from Western classic plays to modern literature. Among these productions, Metamorphosis premiered in 2013 reveals Wu Hsing-kuo's autobiographical interpretation with personalized characteristics. This production not only once again gained the invitation to perform in the Edinburgh International Festival within three years, but this distinctive intercultural creativity has also become Wu Hsing-kuo's individual brand image. Contemporary Legend Theatre's Metamorphosis is adapted from Austrian novelist Franz Kafka's novel with the same title. Contemporary Legend Theatre adapts it into a one-man performance, surrounding the resistance against fatherhood as a key creative concept throughout the whole adaptation to combine the spirit of the original work with the adapter's personal life experience. By using diverse elements deriving from jingju (Beijing Opera), kunju, modern dance, mime and multimedia images, Wu Hsing-kuo attempts to deconstruct Kafka's novel and use collage and mash-up approaches to recreate an alternative interpretation of Metamorphosis with oriental imagery and personalized aesthetics. This paper uses Lo and Gilbert's "Proposed Model for Interculturalism" and Bourdieu's theory of "habitus" to analyse Contemporary Legend Theatre's Metamorphosis. With this theoretical structure, this study explores how Contemporary Legend Theatre applies intercultural adaptation as a strategy to proceed the modernization of jingju and develop unique aesthetics. The example of Metamorphosis also reflects the connection between cultural context, artistic innovation and industrial competitiveness for jingju, confronting survival challenges and dilemmas.