武丁以前卜辭考辨

殷墟所見甲骨，屬於武丁以前卜辭者，至今仍未能有效的認識。歷來數見零星之主張，本文據實逐一辨析，認為諸說各有疑存，即使其中或有時代確屬早於武丁時期者，亦缺堅實佐證，仍有待繼續探究。若盤庚遷殷屬實，則殷墟或多或少當有盤庚、小辛、小乙三朝甲骨，如今安陽所見卜辭幾無相關訊息，雖有「尚未能有效自武丁卜辭析出」之可能，但更可能的是，盤庚至小乙三朝甲骨卜用之後，並無契刻卜辭的習慣，如此「無刻辭」之特點，以致吾人難以有效辨識。本文認為武丁以前之盤庚、小辛、小乙三朝甲骨，其問卜過程極可能與武丁期及其後有所不同，將卜問內容常態性契刻於甲骨的作為，或始於武丁勵精圖治的若干制度改革，而武丁以前尚無此必要，因此，殷墟即使存見武丁以前卜甲卜骨，亦無相關卜辭可供稽考。

關鍵字

武丁以前；卜辭；殷墟早期卜辭；盤庚小辛小乙卜辭

並列摘要

The oracle bones were found in the Yin Ruins, having not been effectively understood as the inscriptions in pre-Wuding era so far. There have been few sporadic claims in the past, but all of them filled with doubts. Even if some of them are indeed earlier than the Wuding dynasty, there is still a lack of solid evidence, which still needs to be further explored. If it is true that King Pangeng moved to Yin, then there should be discovered oracle bones more or less from the three dynasties of Pangeng, Xiaoxin, and Xiaoyi dynasties in the Yin Ruins. In fact there is little relevant informations of the oracle inscriptions in pre-Wuding era in Anyang. The reason might be that the oracle bone used in the three dynasties from Pangeng to Xiaoyi, there was no habit of engraving oracle inscriptions after divining. Such a feature of "no inscriptions" makes it difficult for us to effectively identify. This article argues that the oracle bones of the Pangeng, Xiaoxin, and Xiaoyi dynasties probably had a different divination process from that of the Wuding period and after that. They made it a habit to engrave with the divination contents on the oracle bones since Wuding dynasty. Therefore, even if there are oracle bones of pre-Wuding era existed in the Yin Ruins, there are no relevant inscriptions on oracle bones to point out.