晚清旅日書寫中的明治維新與文化共同體想像（1868-1894）

明治時代（1868-1912）的日本帝國，對內完成脫亞入歐準備，對外踴躍擴張殖民地，儼然躍身為新東亞宗主國，成功翻轉中華帝國與日本帝國間國家勢力消長、文化主從易位的歷史情勢。從明治伊始至甲午交戰前夕（1868-1894），晚清士人頻頻出訪考察與中國地理、歷史淵源深厚的新日本帝國。論文透過晚清旅日書寫的梳理，一方面再現明治維新的新舊習俗和新政氣象，逼顯晚清士人體驗自我與他者相遇後的文化差異和心理衝突。另一方面則在明治政府戮力塑造的「新日本共同體」的想像和實踐中，尋繹傳統舊日本與現代新日本的過渡痕跡，透過繫聯中日關係的文化符號「徐福」、「朱舜水」的詮釋遞變，顯露「中日文化共同體想像」的不合時宜。

關鍵字

晚清遊記；明治維新；共同體想像；徐福；朱舜水

並列摘要

During the Meiji Era(1868-1912), The Empire of Japan which just finished their preparation of "Departure from Asia for Europe" (脫亞入歐) and begun to expand their colonies internationally, had successfully taken over the East Asia suzerain power from the hands of China, ending Japan's history of cultural inferiority against it. From the Meiji Era to the Sino-Japan war (1868-1894), late-Qing's intellectuals had ardently visited Japan to explore this rising empire that shared numerous geographical and historical similarities with themselves. This paper studies the writings of these traveling intellectuals to achieve two objectives: firstly, by demonstrating the dynamic atmosphere under the Meiji Restoration, this paper portrays the cultural shock and the image of "Others" in the mind of late-Qing's intellectuals. Secondly, this paper scrutinizes the discourse of "New Japanese Communities" proposed by the Meiji-Government to unveil the modernization process of the traditional Japanese society. During this period, the semantic change of the phrase "XuFu" (徐福) and "Zhu Shun-Shui" (朱舜水) - the key symbol that connects China and Japan- showed how obsolete it was to recreate such Sino-Japan communal identity.