山林與城市之間－李東陽園林詩中的仕隱情懷與景觀寄託

本文探討李東陽（1447-1516）相關園林居遊、經營的詩作中的仕隱情懷與景觀寄託。可以發現，李東陽大抵居住、遊賞之處皆是明朝首都北京城內或郊外的園林、農莊，這些地方與城市不即不離，往往被其形容為「城市山林」，此一性質正相應於其無論致仕前後，同時存在渴望隱逸生活與關懷國計民生的念頭，可說是「居廟堂未嘗不以山林為念，在山林未嘗不以廟堂為憂」。至於其園林詩中關於園林的景觀安排，更側重於寄託自我的情志氣性，如渴望隱逸、忠於國事、有時如在山林之中，有時自覺仍在城市牢籠等等，與其複雜矛盾的仕隱情懷相呼應。由此，可具體回應學界對其文學主張兼重臺閣與山林的看法，也可更為深入的探討李東陽複雜的自我形象，更可補充「城市山林」論述的複雜性。

關鍵字

李東陽；園林；城市山林；仕隱

並列摘要

This paper investigates Li Dong-yang's feeling about official and recluse life and the allegories in his gardens' landscape in his poems about his dwelling and travelling in his gardens. According to his poems about his gardens, we can discover that where he dwelled or travelled was in or around Beijing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty. These space was neither too familiar nor too distant so always described "Urban forest". This corresponded the thinking that whether he retired or not, at the same time, he had the desire of retiring and caring of people's life. In addition, the expressions of the arrangement of his gardens' landscape were always the allegories of his emotion-intention and characteristic, such as desire of retiring, loyalty of politics and that he sometimes felt he had been in hill wood but was sometimes conscious to be in the city, etc. This is correlated to his complex thinking about official life and retirement. According to the above-mentioned, it can be the response to his literary thoughts concluded by academic circles that the style of the imperial ministries and the recluses, and we can explore his complicated self-image deeply. Besides, it can supplement to the discourse of "Urban forest".