試析王國維〈《紅樓夢》評論〉之悲劇美學

近代美學史上，王國維結合了中西哲學和文藝思想提出「悲劇論」，並在其所著的〈《紅樓夢》評論〉中提出「《紅樓夢》一書，與一切喜劇相反，徹頭徹尾之悲劇也。……可謂悲劇中之悲劇者也。」《紅樓夢》一反中國歷來崇尚大團圓結局的創作思想和方法，織就了一齣曠世的大悲劇，為中國文學史開啟新頁。靜安的〈《紅樓夢》評論〉為中國文學批評史上，首篇運用西方哲學思維，對中國古典小說進行評述的論著，無論在中國文學批評史或紅學發展史上均屬創舉。靜安於〈《紅樓夢》評論〉中曾明確地表示：自殺不是真正的解脫。《紅樓夢》中的解脫之道，是「存於出世，而不存於自殺。」本文嘗試以叔本華悲劇理論探討〈《紅樓夢》評論〉的悲劇美學，並藉王國維對《紅樓夢》的解脫精神，一探其所揭示之悲劇精神。本文試以悲劇理論為研究方法，探析王國維對《紅樓夢》所演繹的悲劇美學。

關鍵字

王國維；《紅樓夢》；〈《紅樓夢》評論〉；叔本華；悲劇理論

並列摘要

In the history of modern aesthetics, Wang Guowei put forward the theory of tragedy combining Chinese and Western philosophy and literary thought, and in his essay "On the Dream of the Red Chamber, " he proposed that The “Dream of the Red Chamber" is contrary to all comedy. The Dream of the Red Chamber has always been advocated a long reunion of China's creative ideas and methods, weaving a great tragedy, for the history of Chinese literature to turn over a new page. Jingan's "On the Dream of the Red Chamber" is a pioneering work for the history of Chinese literary criticism, the first use of Western philosophical thinking, Chinese classical novels, and commentary on the works, both in the history of Chinese literary criticism or the history of the development of red. Jingan clearly states in the commentary "On the Dream of the Red Chamber" : that suicide is not a real relief. The Dream of the Red Chamber has the "tragic aesthetic of the Dream of the Red Chamber" and "On the Dream of the Red Chamber" by Wang Guowei has the spirit of the liberation of a tragedy revealed by the spirit. This paper analyzes the tragic aesthetics of Wang Guowei's interpretation of The Dream of the Red Chamber and is based on the research method of tragic theory.