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日本室町時代五山禪宗及其僧侶漢詩之析探
Analysis of Go-Zang Zen Buddhism of Muromachi Era of Japanese and Monk's Chinese Poetry
摘要
中國與日本，兩國之間的互動一直是相當地頻繁，尤其，中國文化對日本文化的影響更是深遠。日本漢詩，是日本人以漢語和中國古典韻文學的形式所創作的詩歌，它是中華文化在異域所產生的文學新枝。室町幕府（1338～1573）模仿中國，設定寺院制度，即五山、十剎、諸山等三個階級。五山禪僧以禪院為中心，大量寫作漢詩文，於是日本的漢詩文逐漸活躍起來而進入全盛時期，因此在日本文化史上，他們貢獻極大。五山文學對於當代的文學思潮以及後世江戶時代（1603～1867）的文化展開，扮演了承先啟後的關鍵角色。關於禪林文學這一範疇，除中國的禪詩文外，日本五山禪宗僧侶的漢詩文也是珍貴的文化遺產之一，值得學者深入研究。本文主要是以日本室町時代五山禪宗僧侶的漢文學為中心，探討日本室町時代五山禪宗制度之淵源、五山文學之思想意涵、五山文學之題材、五山禪僧漢詩之特色。
並列摘要
The communication between the two countries,China and Japan, is frequent. Especially, the impact of Chinese culture on Japan is getting more far-reaching. Japan's Chinese poetry which is Japanese's poems is created in the form of Chinese characters and Chinese ancient-style poetry. Muromachi Shogunate(室町幕府)(1338~1573)imitated China and made the system of the Buddhism temple. In the history of Japan's culture, the contribution of the monks is very great. The monks regarded Buddhism temple as the center, and wrote a large number of Chinese poetry. Go-Zang literature(五山文學)served as a link key role to the culture of Edo Era(江戶時代) (1603~1867) and contemporary literature. About this category of literature of the Buddhist temple, I think besides the poetry of Zen Buddhism in China, Japanese Go-Zang Zen Buddhism monks' Chinese poetry is one of the precious cultural heritage too and is worthy of scholar's further investigating. This thesis mainly regards Japanese Go-Zang Zen Buddhisms as the center, and it probes into the origin of Buddhist temple systems of China and Japan, the background of Go-Zang Zen Buddhism of historical development, the relation of Go-Zang literature and a school of learning in the Sung Dynasty devoted to the study of the classics with a rational approach (宋明理學), and the characteristic of Go-Zang Zen Buddhism monks' Chinese poetry and so on.