- 期刊
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「文章之學」的源流與發展──論阮孝緒《七錄．文集錄》的小類立意
On the Origin and Development of Article Study - With the focus on the Genres of Ruan Xiaoxu's Qilu Wenji Lu
摘要
梁人阮孝緒的《七錄》向來被指為後世四部目錄的雛型。縱使此書已亡，但其卷目尚能藉唐代的《廣弘明集》保存下來，令後人得悉七個大類的名目同時，亦能考察它們的內部結構，為研究六朝目錄學的重要材料。其中，排行第四的〈文集錄〉依次分成「楚辭」、「別集」、「總集」和「雜文」四類，與後來的《隋書．經籍志》近乎一致，足以反映兩者的源流關係。關於上述四類的論述，過往的學者大多著重它們的區別和分類原則。然而，〈文集錄〉乃一整體，小類之間的聯繫不當忽視。本文以為，四類的設置正是對古代「文章之學」之源流與發展的觀照：「楚辭」是「經」與「文」的橋樑，為「文集」的根基；「別集」代表「文章」在古代知識系統中獲取獨立地位的階段；「總集」則體現「文章」的標準不斷提高，變成一門專業而深入的學問；至於「雜文」，就是「總集」的反面，以不入「文章之學」的著述體現這個學術概念的範圍與標準。目錄的著錄反映一代學術的內涵，分類則體現該知識系統的結構。〈文集錄〉，以及後來的集部，是專以「文章」為收錄對象的類別，對中國文學的發展意義深遠。故本文希望透過對它的梳理和分析，進一步了解「文章之學」在學術史中的起源和演進。
並列摘要
Qilu [七錄] is a bibliography written by Ruan Xiaoxu [阮孝緒] in the Liang dynasty. It has usually been supposed as the prototype of bibliographies which was to be adopted the taxonomy of four categories in the following generations. Although Qilu has lost, its content is kept by Guang Hongming Ji [廣弘明集] which was published in Tang dynasty. Therefore, people today can not only read the names of the seven categories but also study on the structure of this bibliography. Qulu is surely an important material for the study of bibliography during the Six Dynasties period. Among the seven categories, Wenji Lu [文集錄] is placed forth. It contains four genres, namely Chuci [楚辭], Bieji [別集], Zongji [總集] and Zawen [雜文], according to the order decided by Ruan. It is similar to the taxonomy of the Ji category [集部] of Suishu Jingji Zhi [隋書．經籍志]. The past study of these genres mainly focused on their difference in order to analyse the taxonomy of Qilu. However, as Wenji Lu is a complete concept, the linkage among these genres should not be ignored. This thesis suggests that the four genres represent the origin and development of the ancient article study: Chici is the connection between Classic and Article. It is the origin of Article; Bieji represents the stage when article study gained an independent status in the ancient knowledge system; Zongji shows the continuous improvement of article study. It helps article study become a profound knowledge; Zawen is a contrary concept of Zongji. It indirectly shows the boundary and the standard of the concept of article study by collecting the books which are not closely related to article study. The content of a bibliography shows the knowledge of a generation and its taxonomy shows the structure of that knowledge system. Wenji Lu and also Ji category in the following generations are the categories which target at article study as their content. They are related to the development of Chinese literature. Therefore, by carding and analyzing Wenji Lu, this thesis explores more about the origin and development of article study in the Chinese academic history.