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從「世界」視野審視「本土」－論張系國科幻小說的原鄉情結
Examining 'Nativeness' from a 'Global' Perspective - On Native Land Sentiment in Chang Shi-Kuo's Science Fiction
摘要
張系國（1944-）是台灣最早創作科幻小說的重要作家之一，他曾指出創作「中國式」科幻小說的終極目的，乃探討普世性的人類存在問題。過往研究者均肯定張系國對「中國式」科幻小說的創建，卻鮮有進一步探討其科幻小說刻意書寫中國事物的時代意義。本文嘗試從台灣科幻小說「在地化」的脈絡，重新審視張系國以擅於探討普世問題的科幻文類，書寫「中國」故事的文學創作。本文將探討張系國的科幻小說創作與當時知識份子討論文學「本土論」之關係。在外緣研究方法上，本文將張系國的科幻小說引介論述和其他文學評論重置於六、七十年代台灣文學的發展脈絡，探討張系國引介科幻小說與台灣鄉土文學發展的內在聯繫，並進一步論述張系國創造「鄉土科幻」的「在地」特色。在內緣研究方面，本文主要以張系國的科幻小說《星雲組曲》（1980）、《夜曲》（1985）以及《城》三部曲（1983，1986，1991）為研究對象，提出「原鄉情結」的論點，申述張系國科幻小說刻意書寫中國人情事物的文學根源，並深化討論其小說的「中國」意涵。總體而言，本文希望在科幻小說「在地化」脈絡的研究方面，以張系國為個案，論述科幻小說落實於台灣的具體條件和時代意義。
並列摘要
Shi-kuo CHANG (born. 1944) is one of the important authors writing science fiction during the earliest attempt for such kind of writing in Taiwan. As claim by the author, the aim for his creation of the subgenre - 'Chinese-style' Science Fiction - is to look into the universal existential problem of human beings. The previous researchers have acknowledged his contribution for the establishment of this subgenre. However, the generational significance for his deliberate depiction of the Chinese events and objects has not been adequately studied. This essay tries to re-examine Chang's attempts to write the 'Chinese' stories in the form of science fiction known for its probing into universal questions through structuring Taiwanese localization of Science Fiction. It will discuss the relationship between Chang's science fiction and the intellectual debate on Nativist Literature at that time. The extrinsic study of this essay focuses on the internal dynamics between Chang's introduction of science fiction and the development of Nativist Literature in Taiwan by contextualizing Chang's theory on such an introduction and other literary theories in the Literary History of Taiwan in the 60s and 70s. Moreover, by this contextualization, it further explores the localized nature of Chang's Nativist Science Fiction. For the intrinsic study, this essay proposes the Native Land Sentiment as the literary inspiration for Chang's inclusion and depiction on Chinese events and objects in Star Cloud Suite (1980), Nocturne (1985), The City Trilogy (1983,1986,1991) and hence further explores the meaning of 'China' in his works. All in all, this essay aims at discussing the exact conditions and generational significance for localization of science fiction in Taiwan through its structure by Chang's writing.