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《夨令尊》「明保」及諸問題探析
Reserach and analyze the term「ming bao」in the《Tse ling tsun》and some questions
摘要
西周金文習見「明」、「保」二字，義不難解。然二字合用為「明保」，則諸說紛紜，莫衷一是。本文主要探討《夨令尊》「明保」一詞，旁及該器「年代」、「出現人物」、「歷史事件」等問題。筆者試圖別開蹊徑，梳理前人見解，提答這些問題。「明保」之「明」字，因不被省略，故為具有提示性的「名詞」，如姓名、國族名、地域名；「保」字由於在銘文中被省略為「公」字，故不宜作為姓名，而西周初年「大保」一職已居三公之一，可直接稱「公」，故亦不作官職想，是以「保」字當釋為動詞「輔保」為佳。而透過反覆辨正，可以知道：此器當為「昭王」時所出；銘文之「周公」應釋為「世襲之周公」；「周公宮」則應釋為「祭拜周公旦之廟」。
並列摘要
The words of「ming(明)」 and「bao(保)」 usually appear in the bronze vessels inscriptions of West-Zhou period not difficult to understand their meanings. However, when the two words are to combine to form one new term「ming bao(明保)」 , it brings various statements and is hard to agree. This article focus on the term「ming bao(明保)」 in the《Tse ling tsun》 (《夨令尊》), and extend to the questions of 「 determination of chronology」「, appearing characters explanations」 and「historical events」 of this vessel. The author tried to open a new path on these questions with a vision that never be used before, recongize forefathers' opinions and devote something to improve the answers to make the explations accurate. The word「ming(明)」 of「ming bao(明保)」 is a symbolic noun such as: name of person, name of nation, name of region because of its unomitting; the word「bao(保)」 of 「ming bao(明保)」 is a verb meaning「assist」 , because that it had been replaced by the word「gong(公)」 , so that it's not suitable to be a name of person or name of official , and the word「bao(保)」 means「da bao(大保)」 which is one of the three highest senior officials in the early West-Zhou period, that can be called「gong(公)」 directly. By identifying and correcting incessantly, we could know that: the 《Tse ling tsun》 (《夨令尊》) should be made in the「Zhou uang(昭王)」 of early West-Zhou period; the term「Zhou gong(周公)」 in this inscription should mean the offical 「Zhou gong(周公)」inheriting from generation to generation; the term「Zhou gong gong (周公宮)」 in this inscription should mean the temple sacrificing「Zhou gong Dan(周公旦)」.