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習鑿齒《襄陽記》與臥龍、鳳雛並稱的源起－兼論《三國志演義》中龐統角色的成敗
His-Tsao-Chih's "Shiang-Yang-Chi" and the uprising of favorable comparison between Wo-Lung and Feng-Chu - the concurrent argument of the success or failure of Pang-Tung's role in "The Romance of Three Kingdoms"
摘要
臥龍、鳳雛並稱素為研究《三國志演義》的學者所熟知。但在小說中，臥龍、鳳雛二人的角色形象實無法對壘，「並稱」之說似有牽強之處。考諸史傳，發現鳳雛之名和與臥龍並稱之事，獨見於裴松之《三國志注》所收錄的《襄陽記》一書，後為《資治通鑑》所沿用。《襄陽記》乃東晉習鑿齒所著，習氏乃襄陽人，史傳稱其世為鄉豪，而龐統亦是襄陽人。考論之後發現《襄陽記》一書目龐統為鳳雛一事，實是習鑿齒在地方意識的影響下所虛構。而一旦小說採用了臥龍、鳳雛並稱的說法，就必須讓鳳雛才堪媲美臥龍。於是在小說所能調動的歷史極限裡，無中生有地以連環計提高鳳雛出場的高度，又將史傳中雅號人流的龐統，改寫成恃才傲物的鳳雛，讓其失敗顯得有跡可循。但由於史料事蹟的稀薄與限制，小說中鳳雛終究是無法與臥龍對稱的失衡腳色。
並列摘要
The favorable comparison between Wo-Lung and Feng-Chu is aware of the scholars that are skilled in "The Romance of Three Kingdoms". However, in the novels, the role images of Wo-Lung and Feng-Chu can not match perfectly. The version of "favorable comparison" is far-fetched. After verifying lots of histories and biographies, I found that the favorable comparison between Wo-Lung and Feng-Chu was written in "Shiang-Yang-Chi", which was collected in Pei-Sung-Chih's "San Kuo Chih Chu", and then used by "Zi-Zhi-Tong-Jian" continuously. "Shiang-Yang-Chi" was written by His-Tsao-Chih, who was in Dong-Jin Dynasty. His-Tsao-Chih was the man of Shiang Yang, and he was famous. Pang-Tung was the man of Shiang Yang, too. After the textual research of "Shiang-Yang-Chi", I found that the affair-Pang-Tung was Feng-Chu-was a fabrication, which was affected by Regionalism. However, once the novel adopted the argument of the favorable comparison between Wo-Lung and Feng-Chu, the author had to make Feng-Chu compare favorably with Wo-Lung. In the limited transformation of the novel, the author used the connecting-link method to make Feng-Chu's frequent appearances out of nothing, and then fabricated Pang-Tung, who was a graceful man in the history, as Feng-Chu, who was very proud of his ability and insolent towards everyone. The foregoing was the reason why Feng-Chu failed reasonably.