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觀念史視域下「人生如戲」思想的流變與特質
The Development and Characteristics of the Idea "Life is Like a Drama" in the Context of Conceptual History Research
摘要
「人生如戲」這一思想，在中西方文化中皆可見。本文旨在探究中國文化語境中，「人生如戲」此種表達，是一種文化舶來品，還是有其生成脈絡。若此觀念乃根植於中文語境，其起始與發展的脈絡為何？其語詞背後所指涉的意義產生了怎樣的流變？若在觀念史研究的脈絡中檢視這一思想，其特質為何？映射出何種社會脈動？本文擬考察從秦漢至明清、涉及「人生如戲」意蘊的表述（此種表述並不局限於語詞形態穩定的「人生如戲」一詞，而是類似表達此種思想的，例如「天地梨園」、「世界劇場」、「生如傀儡」等等形式的語匯），並藉助觀念史研究的相關方法，欲在橫向探究各個時代中「人生如戲」思想特點的同時，亦縱向描摹此觀念的變化軌跡，並企圖以此思想為支點，管窺不同時代大眾的人生觀念與情感結構。
並列摘要
The idea that "Life is like a drama" can be found in both Chinese and Western cultures. This paper aims to explore whether the expression "life is like a drama" in the context of Chinese culture is exotic culture, or whether it has its specific context. If this idea is rooted in Chinese context, what is the context in which it began and developed? What kind of evolution does the meaning behind the words change? What are the characteristics of this idea if it is examined in the context of conceptual history research? What kind of social dynamics is reflected? This paper intends to examine the expression of "life is like a drama" from the Qin and Han dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties. This expression is not limited to the word "life is like a drama" with a stable morphology, but is similar to the expression of such ideas, such as "world theater", "born like a puppet" and other forms of vocabulary). With the help of the relevant methods of conceptual history research, while exploring the characteristics of the idea of "life is like a drama" in various eras, it also traces the trajectory of the change of this concept vertically, and attempts to use this idea as a pivot to peek into the public's concept of life and emotional structure in different eras.