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試論雲間三子《幽蘭草》對花間範式的沿承與別趣
Exploring the Continuity and Unique Perspectives of the "You Lan Cao" by Yun Jian San Zi within the "Hua Jian" Paradigm
摘要
雲間派作為明代復古文學運動之末流，其詞學與詞作對開啓清詞中興之功，幾為學界普遍上的共識。查雲間三子──陳子龍（1608－1647）、李雯（1607－1647）與宋徵輿（1617－1667），在崇禎七年至十年間（1634－1637）集結成冊的《幽蘭草》一書，無不流露出對於南唐北宋前期花間範式的認同與回歸，並有著自己描人、摹景的特色。然而明末清初既是紛亂複雜的年代，與南唐北宋前期的背景畢竟不同；雲間三子之間的鬥詞遊戲，「以當博弈」之作，也就無法全然切割與自身際遇不得志的呼應。為此，本文旨在探析《幽蘭草》中言情詠物的承繼與別趣。從而發現，我們一直過多關注在那些承繼的部分，卻甚少從抒情的範式中，去截取詞體要眇宜修的基本特徵與其所隱藏的幽微訊息。而這與陳子龍所謂的「《風》、《騷》之旨，皆本言情」正互為表裡，且更能作為後來雲間《倡和詩餘》凄怨激楚詞風的潛在導向。總括來說，本文的掘發在於：一、梳理《幽蘭草》對於花間範式的承繼，由此突出三子於表現結構上的特色；二、用細讀與整合的方式，探析《幽蘭草》中綺情豔語外的其他嘗試：即詠物題材比例的提高，逐步淡化了「男子作閨音」的基本特色，以及透過填詞的寫作表達君國之憂或作規勸之用。
並列摘要
The Yunjian School, a minor faction within the literary revival movement of the Ming Dynasty, made significant contributions to the revitalization of ci poetry during the Qing Dynasty. Chen Zilong (1608-1647), Li Wen (1607-1647), and Song Zhengyu (1617-1667) were prominent members who compiled their works into the book "You Lan Cao" during the 1630s. They showcased their skills in character portrayals and scene descriptions, expressing a strong identification with the "Hua Jian" Paradigm of early Southern Tang and Northern Song ci poetry. The late Ming and early Qing periods were complex and tumultuous, differing greatly from the historical contexts of the late Tang and Five Dynasties. The poetic contests and wordplay among the Yunjian School members were influenced by their personal experiences of frustration and unfulfilled ambitions. This paper aims to explore the continuity of the "yan zhi" and "yong wu" traditions, examining the distinctive and subtle messages of ci poetry through chinese lyric poetics. By investigating these aspects, the paper seeks to understand the interplay between the theory of "feng sao" and Chen Zilong's beliefs as a foundation of the lamenting tone in "Chang He Shi Yu". The study delves into the continuity of the "Hua Jian" Paradigm in "You Lan Cao", highlighting the distinctive structural characteristics of the three poets' expressions. Additionally, this paper summarizes and scrutinizes the increased proportion of poems centered on inanimate objects, which represents a shift from the basic feature of male authors writing in feminine tones. Moreover, the paper aims to uncover the use of poetic language to express national concerns in "You Lan Cao".