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荀子心性論及其善惡之根源
Xunzi's Theory of Mind-Nature and the Root of Good and Evil
摘要
在儒家的學說中，荀子的性惡論是一種相當獨特的論述，而也因此，使得他逐漸被視為是儒學的歧出，甚至認為他的論斷本身並不恰當，或根本不能成立。再者，一般都將荀子所謂的心視為是中性的認知之心，儘管它可以認識外在的禮義，但本身卻無法作為道德的根源。筆者以為這兩種普遍流行的觀點，其實有著相當大的商榷空間。在性惡論方面，筆者以為荀子的論斷自有其合理的預設，尤有進者，筆者並不因為荀子主張性惡就將其視為是歧出，反倒以為他道出了真實世界的真實樣貌。在心的論述方面，筆者並不以為荀子只將心當成是中性的認知之心，而是還具有道德義涵的天君之心。基於以上的思路，筆者認為在荀子的思想中，惡的根源就在於性，而善的根源則在於心。
並列摘要
In the theories of the Confucianism, Xunzi's "Theory that human nature is evil" is a kind of quite unique argumentation, and that made him considered to be the worng road of Confucianism, even think his judgement not appropriate, or can't establish at all. Moreover, people generally regard Xunzi's so-called mind as a neutral Cognitive-mind, though it can know extrinsic Li-yi, itself is unable to be regarded as the root of morals. I think that these two kinds of generally popular views have sizable discussion space. In the respect of "Theory that human nature is evil", I think that Xunzi's judgement had its own reasonable assumption, farther, I don't think that Xunzi's maintains "the human nature is evil" is wrong, instead, he told the reality of the real world. In the argumentation of mind, I don't think that Xunzi only regarded the mind as a neutral Cognitive-mind, and it still have moral meaning of Tain-jun mind. Based on the above idea, I think in Xunzi's thougbt, the root of evil is human nature, the root of good is mind.