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論陶淵明田園生活中的人際互動－鄰友與親人
On the Interaction among Friends and Family of Tao Yuan-ming's Seclusion in Fields and Gardens
摘要
陶淵明之詩文，無論是在宦遊或歸隱期間，都流露出對親友、鄰里的掛念和友好之情。他之所以選擇「田園」作為安居的處所，而非「山澤」，正是源於這份情感。因此，本文即針對其隱居生活中的「鄰友」與「親人」，以「結廬在人境－隱居田園的選擇」、「鄰曲時時來－與鄰里、友人之交游」、「悅親戚之情話－家庭生活與家族情感」三點逐步分析，欲從其詩文中所描述的人際往來互動，勾勒其性情，進而探討由鄰友、親人為主，所建構出來的田園生活，實乃充滿溫情的「人境」。且總是以「灑脫豁達」的刻板形象出現的陶淵明，其實也有極為深情、家常的一面，不但把「隱逸」給生活化、人間化了，也為後世人提供了另一種隱逸的選擇，在中國的隱逸傳統中，自是不容忽視。
並列摘要
The poetry and prose of Tao Yuan-ming, whether written while in court or in seclusion, always show concern and affection for his family, friends, and neighbors. The reason why he chooses "Fields and Gardens" for seclusive life instead of "Mountains and Rivers" lies exactly in this attachment. Accordingly, this essay will focus on Tao's relationship with his kith and kin in his seclusive life, under three headings: "Dwelling among people-Choosing fields and gardens for seclusion," "Neighbors coming by ofttimes--Consorting with neighbors and fiends," and "Pleased by kith and kin's fond regard--Family life and clan bonding". The aim is to depict Tao's personality based on the interpersonal relationships presented in his works, and thereby demonstrate that his life in fields and gardens, closely associating with neighbors, fiends, and family, is actually an everyday world full of warmth and humanity. Tao, who has conventionally been seen as a stereotype of "untrammelled and transcendent" character, proves to be unpretentious and devoted. In other words, Tao transforms his "seclusion" into an everyday, humanized lifestyle, thus proffering an alternative for hermits of later generations, which can not possibly be ignored in the Chinese tradition.