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《莊子》「安之若命」能否成為「躺平」的依據？
Whether "suffering misfortune regarded as fate" in Zhuangzi can be the basis for "Lying Down"?
摘要
2021年中國大陸貼吧出現了「躺平即正義」的短文，一時間風靡全網，青年紛紛開始用「躺平」來自嘲。「躺平」指青年無力面對社會的高強度工作，無望跨越階層，對生活工作產生高度的疲倦感，在與其努力不如選擇「躺平」的生活態度下，主張不買房買車、不結婚生娃、不消費，甚至只要能維持最低限度的生活就不工作。與此同時，《莊子》也被調侃為「躺平」的祖師爺，如其寧「曳尾於塗」拒絕出仕的生活態度，「處乎材與不材之間」的保身哲學等，均被廣大網友拿來作為「躺平」的根據。《莊子》中的「命」具有整全性、流動性、無待性和難以琢磨性，不可偏執一端。其「安命」能否完全等同於「躺平」，「安命」又該如何去「安」；「性命之情」否定反自然的人為造作，但「安命以盡義」又提出了人世間「義」的不可逃避性。《莊子》的思想既有反人為倡導師法自然的一面，又有倡導履行人世間應盡之「義」的一面，我們又該如何看待「安命」與「躺平」之間的聯繫，藉古人的智慧緩解當下的焦慮。
並列摘要
In 2021, the essay "Lying Down is justice" appeared in Chinese mainland Baidu Post Bar, which became popular all over the network, and young people began to laugh at themselves with "Lying Down". "Lying Down" means that young people are unable to face the high-intensity work of society, have no hope of raising the class, and have a high sense of fatigue in life and work. Instead of trying hard, they should choose the attitude of "Lying Down" towards life, they do not advocate buying a house or a car, getting married and having a baby, spending money, or even not working as long as they can make a living. At the same time, Zhuangzi has also been ridiculed as the founder who is "Lying Down", such as his life attitude of refusing to be an official, and his philosophy of keeping fit between capability and incapability, which are used by netizen as the basis for "Lying Down". The "destiny" in Zhuangzi is entire, fluid, unfathomable and unpredictable, so we should not be too persistent. Whether its "suffering misfortune regarded as fate" can be completely equivalent to "Lying Down", and how to "suffer"; "sentiment of life" denies the unnatural man-made, but "accept fate and fulfill obligations" puts forward the inevitability of "obligation" in the world. The thought of Zhuangzi not only advocates imitating the natural way of life, but also advocates fulfilling the "obligation" that should be done in the world. How should we view the relationship between "suffering misfortune regarded as fate" and "Lying Down"?