- 期刊
Emergence and Formation of the Modern Chinese Anaphor ZIJI
反身代詞“自己”的產生和形成過程
摘要
This paper proposes an analysis of the formation of the modern Mandarin anaphor 自己 ZIJI. I first examine the binding properties of the two members of this compound in Late Archaic Chinese, arguing that 自 ZI could only be locally bound, while 己 JI could be either locally or long-distance bound. I then turn to a discussion of diachronic change and show that ZI underwent reanalysis in Early Middle Chinese such that, by the time of the formation of ZIJI, both JI and ZI could be locally or long-distance bound. Thus, ZIJI is a compound consisting of like members. This proposal stands in stark contrast to the view that the local binding property of ZIJI was inherited from the Archaic Chinese local anaphor ZI, while its ability to be long-distance bound comes from the long-distance pronominal form JI. I further demonstrate that JI and ZIJI coexisted in Middle Chinese and exhibited similar behavior with respect to the Binding Principles, both employed as either local or long-distance anaphors. But the two were differentiated in terms of prosody, ZIJI forming phrases with other disyllabic words and JI occurring with other monosyllabic words in order to produce phrases consisting of even numbers of syllables.
並列摘要
本文分析反身代詞「自己」的來源，以及其由先秦漢語的代詞「自」及「己」之形成過程。首先，討論先秦漢語中「自」及「己」的約束要求，提出「自」僅能接受局部約束，反之，「己」既可接受局部約束又能接受長距離約束。其次，本文考察歷時演變，指出在早期中古漢語中，「自」被重新分析為長距離反身代詞，換言之，複合詞「自己」形成之前，「自」及「己」均可接受局部以及長距離的約束。由此可見，「自己」是由兩個相似的成分所構成。此結論亦反對過往研究所主張，「自己」的兩種約束可能性分別來自於局部反身代詞「自」及代詞「己」的分析。最後，本文進一步證明在中古漢語中，「己」與「自己」均存在，並且皆可做為局部或長距離的反身代詞，唯在韻律上有區別：「自己」多與雙音節的詞彙結合為四個音節的詞組，而「己」通常搭配其他單音節的詞彙構成雙音節的詞組。