- 期刊
上古漢語脣、牙喉聲母通轉僞例辨析及啟示
A Textual Study on the Unreliable Examples of the Alternation Between Labial and Velar Initials in Ancient Chinese and It's Enlightenment
摘要
除涉及清鼻音問題的曉、明母字相通例證之外，是否還有其他涉及中古唇、牙喉聲母字在上古文獻中跨類相通（即“通轉”）的證據，以及該作何解釋，一直是學界關注的重要議題。前輩學者在證據收集方面付出了很多努力，並嘗試在上古音系中構擬一套*p-K-、*k-P-類複輔音聲母，用來解釋唇、牙喉聲母相通現象。但現在看來，其中絕大部分證據並不可靠，需要從字形、詞義、校勘等角度加以辨正剔除，因而*p-K-、*k-P-構擬的可靠性不免大打折扣。同樣地，上古漢語歷史上也未曾發生過*K^w->P-系統性音變，但不排除“豰”、“𥌡”、“灋”等個別字可能是*K(^w)->P-零星音變的結果。這啟示學者在開展上古音研究過程中，不僅要有漢語音韻學、歷史語言學的眼光，還應該具備扎實的語文學功底。
並列摘要
In addition to the examples of the cross class communication between the initial consonants of 曉母 h- and 明母 m- related to the issue of vioceless nasal consonant, whether there is any other evidence of cross class communication between labials and velars in ancient literature, and how to interpret it has always been an important issue of academic concern. Previous scholars have put in a lot of effort in evidence collection and attempted to construct a set of *p-K-, *k-P- type consonant consonants in ancient phonology to explain the phenomenon of the communication between labials and velars. But now it seems that the vast majority of the evidence is not reliable and needs to be corrected and eliminated from perspectives such as glyphs, word meanings, and proofreading. Therefore, the reliability of *p-K- and *k-P- constructions is inevitably greatly compromised. Similarly, systematic phonetic change *K^w- > P- has never occurred in the history of ancient Chinese, but it is not ruled out that individual characters such as 豰 , 𥌡 , and 灋 may be the result of sporadic *K^w- > P- sound changes. This inspires scholars to not only have a perspective in Chinese phonology and historical linguistics, but also have a solid foundation in Chinese philology studies when conducting research on ancient phonetics.