“自迩集”与日本明治时期汉语教材的变革

Tzǔ Erh chi and the Reform of the Chinese Textbooks in the Meiji Period in Japan

王瑾(Wang Jin)

《东亚学术研究》 五卷第二期（总第九期） (2020/12) Pp. 51-59

摘要

晚清时期英国公使威妥玛编著的“自迩集”教材是西方人第一次把北京话作为描写和研究对象的教材。“自迩集”教材对当时整个西方以及韩、日汉语教学、教材编写都产生了深刻的影响。在“自迩集”的影响下，日本明治时期的汉语教材在以下几个方面出现了变革：首先，以《语言自迩集》为底本的编译教材出现，丰富了汉语教材门类；其次，日本本土出现了北京官话口语为研究对象、以话题为中心编排语料的教材，是对传统会话课本的一种变革；再次，日本教材开始重视对汉字注音、以及采用字母注音。

關鍵字

威妥玛 ； 自迩集 ； 日本明治汉语教材

並列摘要

Tzǔ Erh chi, edited by Thomas Francis Wade in 1867, was the first Chinese textbook where westerners depicted and analyzed The Peking Dialect. It made a significant impact on Chinese teaching and textbook compilation in Korea and Japan as well as in the West. Under the influence of Tzǔ Erh chi, the Chinese textbooks in the Meiji period of Japan transformed in the following aspects: First, the compiled textbooks based on Tzǔ Erh chi came off the press, which enriched the categories of Chinese textbooks; Second, textbooks with The Peking Dialect as the study object and subject-centered language materials emerged in Japan, which is a reform of the traditional conversational textbooks; Third, emphasis was placed on phonetic annotation of Chinese characters when the Japanese edited Chinese textbook, and they began to use letters as phonetic symbols.

並列關鍵字

Thomas Francis Wade ； Tzǔ Erh chi ； the Chinese textbooks in the Meiji period of Japan