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海洋自由與海洋安全：填海造島合法嗎？
Freedom and Security of Sea: Is Reclamation Legal?
Abstracts
在南海仲裁案判決的後續中，本文探討了相對被忽略，填海造島是否合法的問題。本文主張，利用突起於一般海底而接近海面的海中地物為基底，以人工方法推疊天然材料的「填海造島」，並不是全部以人工材料建造的「人工島」；對於「填海造島」目前的國際法也無明文的定義，就像專屬經濟區也不能限制他國軍事活動一般，不能以模糊的條文擴大解釋，侵害所有國家在海洋上填海造島的自由。本文的論述，雖然並未完全符合南海仲裁案判決結果中的見解，但是從中剖析可以發現，日後即使在他國專屬經濟區內，只要有顧及環保的手續且是軍事活動，仍舊可以進行填海造島，甚至包括他國已經建有設施之處。意即，國際法非但沒有緩解南海衝突，反而提供了後續衝突火上加油的合法理由。
Parallel abstracts
In the aftermath of the 2016 South China Sea Arbitration, this article explores the relatively neglected question of the legality of land reclamation. This paper argues that the "island reclamation" that uses artificially stacked natural materials on the basis of marine features that protrude from the general seabed is not an "artificial island" that is constructed entirely of artificial materials. Current international laws do not have a clear definition of "island reclamation." Therefore, Just like the Exclusive Economic Zone cannot restrict the military activities of other countries, international laws cannot be interpreted with vague provisions to infringe on the freedom of all countries to reclaim islands in the ocean. Although this argument does not fully conform to the opinions in 2016 South China Sea Arbitration, in the future, even in the Exclusive Economic Zone of other countries, as long as there are environmental protection procedures and military activities, island reclamation can still be carried out legally, even where other countries already have facilities. That is to say, instead of mitigating conflicts in the South China Sea, international laws just provide legitimate reasons to fuel subsequent conflicts.