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行政法總論之脈動

The Pulsations of the General Administrative Laws

摘要


由於生存環境既鉅且劇的變化,人類面臨諸多新型態的生存挑戰,而這些挑戰-或早或遲-,也將轉向形塑或妝點行政法總論的面貌,或求諸行政法總論加以回應。例如,新冠疫情究竟弱化或深化了「法治國原則」?而對於氣候訴訟、AI、元宇宙、虛擬貨幣等新興領域,又該如何規範?篇幅考量下,本文僅以中國大陸行政程序法以及韓國行政基本法之制定討論為主,探討亞洲國家在行政法總論上之發展變化。基此,本文提出對於行政法總論脈動之幾點觀察:第一、不同於其他法領域,行政程序法是一種特別形式,兼具訴訟法與程序法之特色。第二、由於行政法法典化之複雜性,而退而求諸制定行政基本法、行政通則法或完善行政程序法。第三、基於全球化的影響,行政法對於法律保留的要求漸弱,但對於全球性的要求漸高;此從超越國界之公共衛生、全球訴訟等可見一斑。第四、平衡主觀公權利與客觀法秩序之權利落差,是未來行政程序法須進一步思考者。

並列摘要


Due to the huge and dramatic changes in the living environments, human beings have been facing new types of survival challenges. These challenges will, sooner or later, turn to shape/embellish or make demands on the General Administrative Laws. For example, has the Covid-19 weakened or deepened the Rule of Law? Or, how to regulate the emerging fields such as climate litigations, AI, the metaverse, and the virtual currency? and so forth. Based on the discussions regarding the legislation of the "General Administrative Law" in mainland China and the "General Act on Public Administration" (행정기본법) in Korea, this article concludes the theme of "the pulsations of the General Administrative Laws" as follows. Firstly, Administrative Laws are sui generis, and the administrative procedure laws specially combine the characteristics of both administrative procedures and litigations. Secondly, because of the complexity of the codification of administrative laws, formulating the administrative basic laws or the administrative general laws, or improving the existing administrative procedure laws, function as the alternatives. Thirdly, the administrative law's requirement for legal reservation is gradually weakening, while that for globalization is increasing; illustrating with cross-border public health issues and global actions. Lastly, the balance between the subjective public rights and the objective legal order needs further elaboration in the future.

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