- 期刊
教師身分變更法律性質及救濟途徑之變遷及衍生議題
Changes of Teacher's Legal Status and Derivative Issues
摘要
按最高行政法院98年7月份第1次庭長法官聯席會議，一方面確認公立學校教師聘約為行政契約，另一方面確認公立學校依法定程序解聘、停聘或不續聘公立學校教師，具有行政處分之性質。且主管教育行政機關對公立學校依法作成解聘、停聘或不續聘行政處分之核准，係該處分之法定生效要件，並非行政救濟之對象。此一見解儘管學界有所批評，但多年來已形成實務上之穩定見解。然而憲法法庭111年憲判字第11號判決及具有大法庭裁判效力的之最高行政法院110年度上字第19號判決則回歸契約法理，認公立學校依教師法相關規定變更教師身分，其屬基於聘任契約所為意思表示，教師認為學校之解聘不合法，即係「對聘任契約法律關係存否之爭執，應對該學校提起確認聘任法律關係存在之訴，以為救濟」。其直接變更了最高行政法院98年7月份第1次庭長法官聯席會議決議的主要內容，不僅是訴訟類型的改變，亦同時增闢了可能的救濟途徑。即主管機關對教師因解聘之事由所另受議決一定期間不得聘任為教師之核准為行政處分，應以核准之主管機關為被告提起行政爭訟。另本文亦一併探討私立學校變更教師身分相對應之情形，整體而言，在當事人擁有未盡符合法理及實際必要性的多重救濟權利下，其平添的可能只是無端的訟累。
並列摘要
According to the first joint meeting of presidents and judges of the Supreme Administrative Court in July 1998, on the one hand, it was confirmed that the employment of public school teachers is an administrative contract, and on the other hand, it was confirmed that public schools should dismiss, suspend or not renew public school teachers in accordance with legal procedures. The nature of administrative Dispositions. However, the Constitutional Court's 111 Constitutional Court Judgment No. 11, also TCC Judgment 111-Hsien-Pan-11 (2022) and the Supreme Administrative Court's 110 Judgment No. 19 returned to the contract jurisprudence and recognized that a public school's change of teacher status in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Teachers Law is a Based on the expression of intention in the employment contract, if the teacher believes that the school's dismissal is illegal, that is, there is a dispute over whether "the legal relationship in the employment contract exists, and the school should file a lawsuit to confirm the existence of the legal relationship in the employment contract as a remedy." It directly changed the main content of the resolution of the first joint meeting of presidents and judges of the Supreme Administrative Court in July 1998. It not only changed the type of litigation, but also opened up possible relief channels. That is to say, if the competent authority approves a teacher who is not allowed to be employed as a teacher for a certain period of time due to reasons for dismissal, it is an administrative sanction, and an administrative lawsuit should be filed with the approving competent authority as the defendant. This article also discusses the situation corresponding to the change of teacher status in a private school. Overall, if the parties have multiple relief rights that do not comply with legal principles and practical necessity, they may only add to the burden of unwarranted litigation.