- 期刊
华教史上的公立学校
Public Schools and the History of Chinese Education
摘要
二十世纪初新式学校的涌现，向来是马新华教史的研究热点。从清末学堂到民初学校，是华校从传统转向现代教育的重要历程，也是华教史上的分水岭。然而学界对于这段历史，多着重于新式学校产生的历史背景，较少注意到新式学校的性质、学制、教材、师资等议题。大体言之，新马新式学校本有多种不同类型，最终却都归于“公立学校”之名。本文旨在全面探讨二战以前公立学校的历史。作为一种崭新的学校类型，公立学校初起于清末民初之际，大兴于二、三十年代，进而遍布全马大城小镇。它不但构成了华校的主体，也是今天马来西亚华校的原型与基础。如此重大的历史事迹，学界的研究近乎空白。本文搜罗早年报刊文献的零散记录，勾勒公立学校的观念、性质、建制与沿革等，梳理其“公家之所立，公众之所用，公共之所有”之特质，并结合华人的历史社会背景，考察公立学校与马新华人历史发展的关系。这个研究不仅补上华教史的重要一页，也为解读马来西亚华人史揭示了不可忽视的视角。
並列摘要
The rise of new types of schools in the early 20th century has always been a hot topic of research in Singapore-Malaysia Chinese education studies. Of course, that was indeed a turning point of evolution from tradition to modern education. However, the researchers prefer to focus on the historical background of the rise but neglect concrete issues such as school elements, school systems, teaching material, teachers, etc. As known, there were many new types of schools in Malaya and Singapore, but all finally came down to public schools. The purpose of this paper comprehensively discusses the public schools' history before World War II. Public schools appeared in the late Qing and early Republic period and then blossomed quickly among all of Malaya's cities and rural areas during the 1920s-1930s. There was not only constituted the mainstream but also the original foundation of contemporary Chinese schools. However, there was almost no academic research on such a significant historical event. This research collects the scattered data from early works of literature and newspapers to organize the concept, feature, organization, and development, and then point out the characteristics of public school as an institution of the public, for the public, and by the public. This research also integrates the history of Malayan Chinese to observe its deep historical significance. The result of this study is rewriting the Chinese education history meanwhile indicating some worth noting perspective for future research in Malaysian Chinese studies.