- 期刊
川普民粹主義：政治修辭的分析
Trump's Populism: an Analysis of Political Rhetoric
摘要
從修辭學的角度，美國前總統川普（Donald Trump）較前任歐巴馬總統的政治語言，是個很大的轉折。本文首將指出歐巴馬演說流暢，善於引用典故、適當的肢體語言及鏗鏘有力的聲調等，被視為成功演講典範。反觀川普常常假訊息充斥、錯字連篇（講話或推特文字），對於人名張冠李戴，且同樣的話只能以簡短句子反覆表達，還更常以包含性別歧視、種族歧視、法西斯主義式的「政治不正確」言詞。但川普卻似乎都毫無損傷，甚至吸引更多支持者。對此，本文認為川普的優勢正是以局外人（outsider）角色，再結合民粹主義、民族主義的訴求，吸引了特定群眾支持。其次，本文從實質內容分析，試圖理解為何美國各大主流媒體嚴厲抨擊，但是川普仍能獲得相當高的民眾支持。本文以「川普式民粹主義」（Trump's populism），作為掌握他的政治修辭的主軸，並從修辭學的角度，既從修辭策略也從修辭情境的角度說明川普受到支持的原因。現有的研究成果中，多為政治或社會學者從民粹理論角度分析川普的作為，故大多會提及實際的政治社會脈絡，且即使肯定民粹主義的核心界定是語言，但仍較為偏重原則性的說明，而少有具體的修辭策略分析。而專門研究政治言說的修辭學家，則專研在具體的修辭策略上，較少能從宏觀的民粹理論思潮，結合民粹語言策略。本文希望在此政治理論與修辭策略的研究間隙（research gap）上，提出政治脈絡與修辭策略結合的分析，以使讀者更了解川普民粹修辭的根基與實際運用策略。同時，期盼藉由這種反思，對台灣可能出現的民粹修辭更能防患未然，避免傷害台灣民主的進展。
並列摘要
From a rhetorical point of view, the political rhetoric of US President Donald Trump plays a pivotal role, especially compared to his predecessor, President Barack Obama. This article attempts to examine Trump's political rhetoric style from the perspective of political rhetoric, and explore what rhetorical strategies he exploited to persuade the masses. This article will point out that, first of all, compared with US President Barack Obama, his fluent speech, good at giving vision, appropriate body language, sonorous and powerful tone, etc., his speech is regarded as a model of successful speech. On the other hand, Trump's speeches are often misspelled (speeches or Twitter texts). The same words can only be repeated in short sentences. More often in "politically incorrect" rhetoric that includes sexist, racist, fascist styles, but Trump seems to be unharmed, and even attracts more supporters. This article will point out that Trump's advantage is his role as an outsider, combined with populist and nationalist demands, to attract the support of certain people. Secondly, from the analysis of the substantive content, this article tries to understand why the major mainstream media in the United States have severely criticized Trump, but Trump can still gain quite high popular support. This article uses "Trump's populism" as the main axis of his political rhetoric, and from the perspective of rhetoric, both rhetorical strategies and the new institutionalism provided by political science to illustrate Trump's influence Reason for support. In the existing literature, most of the scholars who analyze Trump's actions from the perspective of populist theory are political and social scholars. Therefore, most of them will refer to the propositions and policies at the institutional and economic levels. Even if it is affirmed that the core definition of populism is language, it is still more emphasis on principled explanation and less specific rhetorical strategy analysis. Rhetoricians who specialize in political speech focus on specific rhetorical strategies, but are less able to combine populist language strategies from the macro-populist theoretical trend of thought. This article hopes to put forward an analysis of the combination of populist theory and rhetorical strategies in this research gap between political theory and rhetorical strategies, hoping to let readers know more about the foundation and practical application strategies of Trump's populist rhetoric.