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白肉雞飼養於涼季與熱季之生長性能、屠體性狀及腸道絨毛性狀之比較
Comparison of growth performance, carcass traits, and intestinal morphology of broilers in cool and hot seasons
摘要
本試驗比較季節與性別因子對白肉雞生長性能、屠體性狀及腸道絨毛性狀的影響，分別於涼季（12月至1月）與熱季（7月至8月）各選用120隻、1日齡Ross 308白肉雞（共240隻），每季雞隻依性別平均分6欄，每欄20隻，公、母白肉雞分別有3重複。飼養期間分為三期飼料，飲水與飼料任食，並調查雞隻採食量與體重，以計算增重與飼料效率。於35日齡時每欄取樣2隻犧牲，進行屠體重、內臟重量比例、分切重量比例、十二指腸絨毛性狀等屠體性狀調查。結果顯示，白肉雞涼季飼養至35日齡於採食量、增重、腸道絨毛長度、寬度及面積顯著大於熱季時，顯示涼季時雞隻生長較熱季時佳；但飼料效率季節間無顯著差異，性別間則以公白肉雞顯著優於母白肉雞。白肉雞飼養於熱季時屠體中內臟與腸道重量占屠體重比例顯著小於涼季者，而翅膀與腿重量占屠體重比例則顯著高於飼養於涼季者。綜上所述，白肉雞飼養於涼季之生長與屠體表現均較熱季者為佳，結果可為雞隻調適熱緊迫方案研究之參考。
並列摘要
The present study compared the effect of season and sex factors on the growth performance, carcass trait, and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 240 Ross 308 broilers were raised up to age of 35 days in the cool (December to January) and the hot seasons (July to August). In each season, birds were divided into 6 pens according to gender, with 20 broilers in each pen, and 3 repetitions for each gender. Three phases of feed were conducted during the feeding period with all-time ad libitum water and feed. The feed intake and body weight were recorded to calculate the weight gain and feed efficiency (FE). At the age of 35 days, 2 broilers were sampled in each pen to investigate the carcass traits including carcass weight, percentage of viscera and cutting, and duodenal villus traits. The results showed that the feed intake, weight gain, length, width and area of intestinal villi of the cool season group were significantly higher than the hot season group, which indicated that the broiler had better growth performance in the cool season. There was no significant difference in FE between seasons, and the male broilers had significantly better FE performance than the females. Compared with the cool season group, the broiler had significantly lower proportions of viscera and intestines and higher proportions of wings and legs in the hot season. In summary, broilers raised in the cool season had better growth and carcass performance than those in the hot season and the results can provide a reference for heat stress adjustment programs in broiler production.